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Bolbitius titubans, also known as Bolbitius vitellinus, and commonly known as the sunny side up [1] is a widespread species of mushroom found in America and Europe. It grows chiefly on dung or heavily fertilized soil, and sometimes on grass. It is nonpoisonous. [2]
A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground, on soil, or on its food source. Toadstool generally denotes one poisonous to humans. [ 1 ]
Spores: cream colored, 3–5 x 2.5–5 μm; almost globe shaped to broadly ellipsoid; smooth; clear like glass in KOH Microscopic features : basidia with 4 protrusions, cheilocystidia 50–70+ x 20–25 μm; shaped like a ball on a stick to sack shaped or swollen-irregular, smooth, thin-walled, clear in KOH.
The English word "agaric" is still used for any gilled mushroom, which corresponds to Linnaeus's use of the word. [ 25 ] Although mycology was historically considered a branch of botany , the 1969 discovery [ 28 ] of fungi's close evolutionary relationship to animals resulted in the study's reclassification as an independent field. [ 29 ]
The English word fungus is directly adopted from the Latin fungus (mushroom), used in the writings of Horace and Pliny. [10] This in turn is derived from the Greek word sphongos (σφόγγος 'sponge'), which refers to the macroscopic structures and morphology of mushrooms and molds; [11] the root is also used in other languages, such as the German Schwamm ('sponge') and Schimmel ('mold').
They contribute to the organic fraction of soil, and their growth releases carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere (see carbon cycle). Ectomycorrhizal extramatrical mycelium, as well as the mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, increase the efficiency of water and nutrient absorption of most plants and confers resistance to some plant ...
Lycoperdon echinatum, commonly known as the spiny puffball or the spring puffball, is a type of puffball mushroom in the family Agaricaceae. The saprobic species has been found in Africa, Europe, Central America, and North America, where it grows on soil in deciduous woods, glades, and pastures.
Armillaria gallica (synonymous with A. bulbosa and A. lutea) is a species of honey mushroom in the family Physalacriaceae of the order Agaricales.The species is a common and ecologically important wood-decay fungus that can live as a saprobe, or as an opportunistic parasite in weakened tree hosts to cause root or butt rot.
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