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  2. Chromosomal crossover - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosomal_crossover

    There are two popular and overlapping theories that explain the origins of crossing-over, coming from the different theories on the origin of meiosis.The first theory rests upon the idea that meiosis evolved as another method of DNA repair, and thus crossing-over is a novel way to replace possibly damaged sections of DNA. [9]

  3. Genetic recombination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_recombination

    Most recombination occurs naturally and can be classified into two types: (1) interchromosomal recombination, occurring through independent assortment of alleles whose loci are on different but homologous chromosomes (random orientation of pairs of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I); & (2) intrachromosomal recombination, occurring through ...

  4. Meiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis

    The physical basis of the independent assortment of chromosomes is the random orientation of each bivalent along with the metaphase plate, with respect to the orientation of the other bivalents along the same equatorial line. [17] The protein complex cohesin holds sister chromatids together from the time of their replication until anaphase. In ...

  5. Chromosome segregation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_segregation

    During the phase of meiosis labeled “interphase s” in the meiosis diagram there is a round of DNA replication, so that each of the chromosomes initially present is now composed of two copies called chromatids. These chromosomes (paired chromatids) then pair with the homologous chromosome (also paired chromatids) present in the same nucleus ...

  6. Genetic linkage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_linkage

    Genetic linkage is the tendency of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction.Two genetic markers that are physically near to each other are unlikely to be separated onto different chromatids during chromosomal crossover, and are therefore said to be more linked than markers that are far apart.

  7. DNA replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_replication

    Eukaryotes initiate DNA replication at multiple points in the chromosome, so replication forks meet and terminate at many points in the chromosome. Because eukaryotes have linear chromosomes, DNA replication is unable to reach the very end of the chromosomes. Due to this problem, DNA is lost in each replication cycle from the end of the chromosome.

  8. Mendelian inheritance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelian_inheritance

    The physical basis of the independent assortment of chromosomes is the random orientation of each bivalent chromosome along the metaphase plate with respect to the other bivalent chromosomes. Along with crossing over, independent assortment increases genetic diversity by producing novel genetic combinations.

  9. Human genetic variation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genetic_variation

    Causes of differences between individuals include independent assortment, the exchange of genes (crossing over and recombination) during reproduction (through meiosis) and various mutational events. There are at least three reasons why genetic variation exists between populations.