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The term formula weight has a specific meaning when used in the context of DNA synthesis: whereas an individual phosphoramidite nucleobase to be added to a DNA polymer has protecting groups and has its molecular weight quoted including these groups, the amount of molecular weight that is ultimately added by this nucleobase to a DNA polymer is ...
Genome size ranges (in base pairs) of various life forms. Genome size is the total amount of DNA contained within one copy of a single complete genome.It is typically measured in terms of mass in picograms (trillionths or10 −12 of a gram, abbreviated pg) or less frequently in daltons, or as the total number of nucleotide base pairs, usually in megabases (millions of base pairs, abbreviated ...
A molecular-weight size marker, also referred to as a protein ladder, DNA ladder, or RNA ladder, is a set of standards that are used to identify the approximate size of a molecule run on a gel during electrophoresis, using the principle that molecular weight is inversely proportional to migration rate through a gel matrix.
The relative molecular mass may be converted to an absolute value by multiplying it by the atomic mass unit (1 u) in picograms. Thus, 615.8771 is multiplied by 1.660539 × 10 −12 pg. Consequently, the mean mass per nucleotide pair would be 1.023 × 10 −9 pg, and 1 pg of DNA would represent 0.978 × 10 9 base pairs (978 Mbp). [12]
The terms "molecular mass", "molecular weight", and "molar mass" may be used interchangeably in less formal contexts where unit- and quantity-correctness is not needed. The molecular mass is more commonly used when referring to the mass of a single or specific well-defined molecule and less commonly than molecular weight when referring to a ...
DNA nanotechnology is the field that seeks to design nanoscale structures using the molecular recognition properties of DNA molecules. [178] DNA nanotechnology uses the unique molecular recognition properties of DNA and other nucleic acids to create self-assembling branched DNA complexes with useful properties. [179]
Titin, one of the largest known proteins, has a molecular mass of between 3 and 3.7 megadaltons. [5] The DNA of chromosome 1 in the human genome has about 249 million base pairs, each with an average mass of about 650 Da, or 156 GDa total. [6]
Molecular weight ladders are used to estimate the size of DNA and protein fragments by comparing their migration distance to that of the colored bands. [2] DNA and protein standards are available commercially in a wide range of sizes, and are often provided with pre-stained or color-coded bands for easy identification.