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Some iron preparations can trigger anaphylaxis in patients with certain allergies. Serious hypersensitivity including anaphylactic reactions have been reported with the use of high molecular weight iron dextran for intravenous iron infusions. [12] The use of high molecular weight iron dextran has now been abandoned.
Intravenous iron is administered directly to the bloodstream, in a form of iron carbohydrate complexes, such as iron dextran and iron sucrose. The complex is composed of a polynuclear Fe3+ hydroxide core with a surrounding carbohydrate shell. [ 4 ]
One formulation of parenteral iron is iron dextran which covers the old high molecular weight (brand name Dexferrum) and the much safer low molecular iron dextrans (brand names including Cosmofer and Infed). [59] Iron sucrose has an occurrence of allergic reactions of less than 1 in 1000. [60]
Dextran is a complex branched glucan (polysaccharide derived from the condensation of glucose), originally derived from wine. IUPAC defines dextrans as "Branched poly-α-d-glucosides of microbial origin having glycosidic bonds predominantly C-1 → C-6". [ 1 ]
In pharmacokinetics, the rate of infusion (or dosing rate) refers not just to the rate at which a drug is administered, but the desired rate at which a drug should be administered to achieve a steady state of a fixed dose which has been demonstrated to be therapeutically effective. Abbreviations include K in, [1] K 0, [2] or R 0.
Iron sucrose has also been shown to significantly lower the risk of gastrointestinal problems when compared to oral iron treatments. It has a much lower rate of serious allergic reactions in comparison to other iron substitution treatments (around 0.002% in iron sucrose in comparison to 0.04-2.3% in other treatments).
ATC code B03 Antianemic preparations is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products.
Microspheres composed of dextran have several advantages as a drug delivery system including controlled drug release, localized drug concentration, and reduced adverse reactions. Controlled drug release by these dextran microparticles is achieved by degradation, which is the breakdown of chemical bonds in the molecular structure of the ...