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Cerebral edema is a potentially life-threatening complication of severely decreased sodium ion concentration in the blood (hyponatremia). [17] Ionic brain edema can also occur around the sites of brain hemorrhages, infarcts, or contusions due to a local plasma osmolality pressure gradient when compared to the high osmolality in the affected tissue.
Cerebral Edema that resulted from brain tumor is represented by darker areas on this CT image. An increase in cerebral water content is called cerebral edema and it usually results from traumatic brain injury (TBI), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), subdural hematoma, ischemic stroke, brain tumors, infectious disorders and intracranial surgery.
High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a medical condition in which the brain swells with fluid because of the physiological effects of traveling to a high altitude. It generally appears in patients who have acute mountain sickness and involves disorientation, lethargy, and nausea among other symptoms.
The boomerang sign is a radiological finding observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, particularly in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences. It refers to a characteristic boomerang-shaped area of restricted diffusion in the splenium of the corpus callosum due to cytotoxic edema. [1]
In many cases there is evidence of constriction of the blood vessels (if angiography is performed), suggesting a possible overlap with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS). Diffusion MRI may be used to identify areas of cytotoxic edema caused by poor blood flow (ischemia) but it is not clear if this prognostically relevant.
A pseudosubarachnoid hemorrhage is an apparent increased attenuation on CT scans within the basal cisterns that mimics a true subarachnoid hemorrhage. [1] This occurs in cases of severe cerebral edema, such as by cerebral hypoxia.
Although it is well known that gradient echo imaging can detect hemorrhage, it is best detected with SWI. In the example shown here, the gradient echo image shows the region of likely cytotoxic edema whereas the SW image shows the likely localization of the stroke and the vascular territory affected (data acquired at 1.5 T).
The thrombosis of the veins themselves causes venous infarction (damage to brain tissue due to a congested and therefore insufficient blood supply). This results in cerebral edema (both vasogenic and cytotoxic edema), and leads to small petechial haemorrhages that may merge into large haematomas. Thrombosis of the sinuses is the main mechanism ...