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ILS planes. An instrument landing system operates as a ground-based instrument approach system that provides precision lateral and vertical guidance to an aircraft approaching and landing on a runway, using a combination of radio signals and, in many cases, high-intensity lighting arrays to enable a safe landing during instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), such as low ceilings or reduced ...
An "approach plate" depicting an instrument approach procedure for an ILS approach to Tacoma Narrows Airport in the United StatesIn aviation, an instrument approach or instrument approach procedure (IAP) is a series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly transfer of an aircraft operating under instrument flight rules from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing, or to a point ...
An aircraft approach category is a grouping which differentiates aircraft based on the speed at which the aircraft approaches a runway for landing. They are used to determine airspace, obstacle clearance and visibility requirements for instrument approaches . [ 1 ] :
Localizer as component of an ILS (KMEZ runway 27, Mena, Arkansas) Emission patterns of the localizer and glide path signals. An instrument landing system localizer, or simply localizer (LOC, [1] or LLZ prior to 2007 [2]), is a system of horizontal guidance in the instrument landing system, which is used to guide aircraft along the axis of the runway.
An approach plate for the ILS or LOC approach to runway 14L at Cologne Bonn Airport, Germany.. Approach plates (or, more formally, instrument approach procedure charts) are the printed or digital charts of instrument approach procedures that pilots use to fly instrument approaches during instrument flight rules (IFR) operations.
Similar to the outer and middle markers, a inner marker located at the beginning (threshold) of the runway on some ILS approach systems (usually Category II and III) having decision heights of less than 200 feet (60 m) AGL. Triggers a flashing white light on the same marker beacon receiver used for the outer and middle markers; also a series of ...
Emission patterns of the localizer and glide slope signals Glide slope station for runway 09R at Hannover Airport in Germany. In aviation, instrument landing system glide path, commonly referred to as a glide path (G/P) or glide slope (G/S), is "a system of vertical guidance embodied in the instrument landing system which indicates the vertical deviation of the aircraft from its optimum path ...
TLS approaches can also be designed using ILS, GLS, or RNP criteria or any combination thereof, and therefore will support curved and segmented approaches not possible with a conventional ILS. The TLS has been FAA certified for Cat.I ILS usage since 1998 and FAA Order 8200.27 specifies the flight inspection procedure for TLS installations.