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  2. Cohen's kappa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohen's_kappa

    Cohen's kappa measures the agreement between two raters who each classify N items into C mutually exclusive categories. The definition of is =, where p o is the relative observed agreement among raters, and p e is the hypothetical probability of chance agreement, using the observed data to calculate the probabilities of each observer randomly selecting each category.

  3. Fleiss' kappa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleiss'_kappa

    Statistical packages can calculate a standard score (Z-score) for Cohen's kappa or Fleiss's Kappa, which can be converted into a P-value. However, even when the P value reaches the threshold of statistical significance (typically less than 0.05), it only indicates that the agreement between raters is significantly better than would be expected ...

  4. Inter-rater reliability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-rater_reliability

    The ICC will be high when there is little variation between the scores given to each item by the raters, e.g. if all raters give the same or similar scores to each of the items. The ICC is an improvement over Pearson's r {\displaystyle r} and Spearman's ρ {\displaystyle \rho } , as it takes into account the differences in ratings for ...

  5. Youden's J statistic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youden's_J_statistic

    When the true prevalences for the two positive variables are equal as assumed in Fleiss kappa and F-score, that is the number of positive predictions matches the number of positive classes in the dichotomous (two class) case, the different kappa and correlation measure collapse to identity with Youden's J, and recall, precision and F-score are ...

  6. Scott's Pi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott's_Pi

    Scott's pi (named after William A Scott) is a statistic for measuring inter-rater reliability for nominal data in communication studies.Textual entities are annotated with categories by different annotators, and various measures are used to assess the extent of agreement between the annotators, one of which is Scott's pi.

  7. 5 cancer types where screenings save the most lives - AOL

    www.aol.com/5-cancer-types-where-screenings...

    Using the Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) and cancer mortality data, the study analyzed death rates and screenings for five cancer types: breast, cervical ...

  8. Index of coincidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_coincidence

    Sometimes values are reported without the normalizing denominator, for example 0.067 = 1.73/26 for English; such values may be called κ p ("kappa-plaintext") rather than IC, with κ r ("kappa-random") used to denote the denominator 1/c (which is the expected coincidence rate for a uniform distribution of the same alphabet, 0.0385=1/26 for ...

  9. Mortgage and refinance rates for Jan. 9, 2025: Average rates ...

    www.aol.com/finance/mortgage-and-refinance-rates...

    4 top factors that affect your mortgage rate. The difference of even half a percentage point on your interest rate can save you hundreds of dollars a month and thousands of dollars over the life ...