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The reversible reaction N 2 O 4 (g) ⇌ 2NO 2 (g) is endothermic, so the equilibrium position can be shifted by changing the temperature. When heat is added and the temperature increases, the reaction shifts to the right and the flask turns reddish brown due to an increase in NO 2. This demonstrates Le Chatelier's principle: the equilibrium ...
The two kinds of righteousness is a Lutheran paradigm (like the two kingdoms doctrine).It attempts to define man's identity in relation to God and to the rest of creation. The two kinds of righteousness is explicitly mentioned in Luther's 1518 sermon entitled "Two Kinds of Righteousness", in Luther's Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians (1535), in his On the Bondage of the Will ...
In chemistry, the terrace ledge kink (TLK) model, which is also referred to as the terrace step kink (TSK) model, describes the thermodynamics of crystal surface formation and transformation, as well as the energetics of surface defect formation. It is based upon the idea that the energy of an atom’s position on a crystal surface is ...
Fick's first law relates the diffusive flux to the gradient of the concentration. It postulates that the flux goes from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration, with a magnitude that is proportional to the concentration gradient (spatial derivative), or in simplistic terms the concept that a solute will move from a region of high concentration to a region of low ...
While there are significant differences between imputed and infused righteousness, they can be regarded to a certain extent as differences in emphasis that are potentially complementary. Imputed righteousness emphasizes that salvation is a gift from God and is dependent upon him, while infused righteousness emphasizes the responsibility of ...
where = is the reduced Planck constant.. The quintessentially quantum mechanical uncertainty principle comes in many forms other than position–momentum. The energy–time relationship is widely used to relate quantum state lifetime to measured energy widths but its formal derivation is fraught with confusing issues about the nature of time.
The inductive effect is the transmission of charge through covalent bonds and Bent's rule provides a mechanism for such results via differences in hybridisation. In the table below, [ 26 ] as the groups bonded to the central carbon become more electronegative, the central carbon becomes more electron-withdrawing as measured by the polar ...
Physical chemistry, in contrast to chemical physics, is predominantly (but not always) a supra-molecular science, as the majority of the principles on which it was founded relate to the bulk rather than the molecular or atomic structure alone (for example, chemical equilibrium and colloids).