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Dicloxacillin is a narrow-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class. [1] It is used to treat infections caused by susceptible (non-resistant) Gram-positive bacteria . [ 1 ] It is active against beta-lactamase -producing organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus , which would otherwise be resistant to most penicillins .
Cloxacillin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of several bacterial infections. [1] This includes impetigo, cellulitis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, and otitis externa. [1] It is not effective for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). [2] It can be used by mouth and by injection. [1]
Flucloxacillin has similar pharmacokinetics, antibacterial activity, and indications to dicloxacillin, and the two agents are considered interchangeable. It is reported to have higher, though rare, incidence of severe hepatic adverse effects than dicloxacillin, [28] but a lower incidence of renal adverse effects. [23]
The usual dose by mouth is one capsule of 250 mg 4 times a day in adults and half the adult dose as a syrup for children under the age of 10 years but over 2. [4] For children below the age of 2 years, the oral dose is a quarter of the adult oral dose. [3] Ampicillin/flucloxacillin is taken orally about half an hour before food. [5]
The β-lactam core structures. (A) A penam.(B) A carbapenam.(C) An oxapenam.(D) A penem.(E) A carbapenem.(F) A monobactam.(G) A cephem.(H) A carbacephem.(I) An oxacephem. This is a list of common β-lactam antibiotics—both administered drugs and those not in clinical use—organized by structural class.
Members of the isoxazolyl penicillin family, which includes cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, and oxacillin, were synthesized to counter the increasing prevalence of infections caused by penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. While methicillin could only be administered via injection, the isoxazolyl penicillins, including oxacillin, could be ...
Some sources identify them with antipseudomonal penicillins, [2] others consider these types to be distinct. [3] This group includes the carboxypenicillins and the ureidopenicillins . Aminopenicillins , in contrast, do not have activity against Pseudomonas species, as their positively charged amino group does not hinder degradation by ...
Penicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus [3] appeared very soon after penicillin entered general clinical use in 1943, and the mechanism of resistance was the production of β-lactamase.