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Earthquake clouds are clouds claimed to be signs of imminent earthquakes. They have been described in antiquity: In chapter 32 of his work Brihat Samhita , Indian scholar Varahamihira (505–587) discussed a number of signs warning of earthquakes, including extraordinary clouds occurring a week before the earthquake. [ 5 ]
Thurston's earthquake theorem states that for any two points x, y of a Teichmüller space there is a unique left earthquake from x to y.It was proved by William Thurston in a course in Princeton in 1976–1977, but at the time he did not publish it, and the first published statement and proof was given by Kerckhoff (1983), who used it to solve the Nielsen realization problem.
The Northridge Earthquake was the subject of the 1995 film Epicenter U., a first-hand account of healing from the natural disaster, directed by Alexis Krasilovsky. [71] [72] The Earthquake Haggadah (1995) was a video excerpt from Epicenter U. narrated by Wanda Coleman. Distributed in 3/4" and VHS by the Poetry Film Workshop circa 1998.
In its most general sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event that generates seismic waves. Earthquakes can occur naturally or be induced by human activities, such as mining, fracking, and nuclear tests. The initial point of rupture is called the hypocenter or focus, while the ground level directly above it is the epicenter.
The first, six-level intensity scale was proposed by Egen in 1828 for an earthquake in Rhineland. [4] [5] Robert Mallet coined the term "isoseismal" and produced a map for the 1857 Basilicata earthquake with a three-fold intensity scale and used this and other information to identify the epicentral area (a term he also coined). [6]
According to the USGS, "ShakeMaps provide near-real-time maps of ground motion and shaking intensity following significant earthquakes. These maps are used by federal, state, and local organizations, both public and private, for post-earthquake response and recovery, public and scientific information, as well as for preparedness exercises and ...
The ODbL does not require any particular license for maps produced from ODbL data. Prior to 1 August 2020, map tiles produced by the OpenStreetMap Foundation were licensed under the CC-BY-SA-2.0 license. Maps produced by other people may be subject to other licences.
A pie chart comparing the seismic moment release of the three largest earthquakes for the hundred-year period from 1906 to 2005 with that for all earthquakes of magnitudes <6, 6 to 7, 7 to 8, and >8 for the same period. The 2011 Japan quake would be roughly similar to Sumatra. Earthquakes of magnitude 8.0 and greater from 1900 to 2018.