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M81 (left) and M82 (right). M82 is one of two galaxies strongly influenced gravitationally by M81. The other, NGC 3077, is located off the top edge of this image. M81 with satellite galaxy Holmberg IX in the top center-right corner. Only one supernova has been detected in Messier 81. [18]
The M81 Group is a galaxy group in the constellations Ursa Major and Camelopardalis that includes the galaxies Messier 81 and Messier 82, as well as several other galaxies with high apparent brightnesses. [1]
[1] [5] It is about five times more luminous than the Milky Way and its central region is about one hundred times more luminous. [7] The starburst activity is thought to have been triggered by interaction with neighboring galaxy M81. As one of the closest starburst galaxies to Earth, M82 is the prototypical example of this galaxy type.
Size (left) and distance (right) of a few well-known galaxies put to scale. There are an estimated 100 billion galaxies in all of the observable universe. [1] On the order of 100,000 galaxies make up the Local Supercluster, and about 51 galaxies are in the Local Group (see list of nearest galaxies for a complete list).
ugc 5398, [1] pgc 29146 [1] NGC 3077 is a small disrupted elliptical galaxy , a member of the M81 Group , which is located in the northern constellation Ursa Major . Despite being similar to an elliptical galaxy in appearance, it is peculiar for two reasons.
SN 1993J was a type IIb supernova at almost the same distance as SN 2014J, because it was located in Messier 81, which together with Messier 82 and NGC 3077 forms the core of the M81 group of galaxies. [6]
The spiral arms of a grand design galaxy extend clearly around the galaxy, covering a significant portion of the galaxy's circumference. As of 2002, approximately 10 percent of all currently known spiral galaxies are classified as grand design type spirals, [1] including M51, M74, M81, M83, and M101.
When viewed from Earth, the galaxies lie along a smoothly curved line. Charles Messier first discovered two of the galaxies, M84 and M86, in 1781. The other galaxies seen in the chain were discovered by William Herschel [1] and are now known primarily by their catalog numbers in John Louis Emil Dreyer's New General Catalogue, published in 1888. [2]