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Free base (freebase, free-base) is a descriptor for the neutral form of an amine commonly used in reference to illicit drugs. The amine is often an alkaloid, such as nicotine, cocaine, morphine, and ephedrine, or derivatives thereof. Freebasing is a more efficient method of self-administering alkaloids via the smoking route.
key:hlmsizpqbsyunl-ipoqpsjvsa-n Noroxymorphone is an opioid [ 1 ] which is both a metabolite of oxymorphone and oxycodone and is manufactured specifically as an intermediate in the production of narcotic antagonists such as naltrexone and others.
Carbonate derivatives of 14β-hydroxycodeine "viz., 14β-hydroxy-6-O-(methoxycarbonyl)codeine, 6-O-methoxycarbonyl-14β-(methoxycarbonyloxy)codeine, and 14β-acetoxy-6-O-methoxy-carbonylcodeine, potential substrates for ring C modification in morphinane (sic) alkaloids, were synthesized for the first time."
The compound has relatively little opioid activity in its own right, [3] [4] but is a useful intermediate which can be used to produce both opioid antagonists such as nalorphine, and also potent opioid agonists such as N-phenethylnormorphine. [5] with its formation from morphine catalyzed by the liver enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2C8. [6]
N-Phenethylnormorphine is an opioid analgesic drug derived from morphine by replacing the N-methyl group with β-phenethyl. [1] It is around eight to fourteen times more potent than morphine as a result of this modification, [2] in contrast to most other N-substituted derivatives of morphine, which are substantially less active, or act as antagonists. [3]
Dose for dose it is roughly ten times more potent than morphine, with 1 mg desomorphine being equivalent 10 mg morphine, via the intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) routes. [ 10 ] Desomorphine is a morphine analogue where the 6-hydroxyl group and the 7,8 double bond have been reduced. [ 8 ]
Acute use (1–3 days) yields a potency about 1.5× stronger than that of morphine and chronic use (7 days+) yields a potency about 2.5 to 5× that of morphine. Similarly, the effect of tramadol increases after consecutive dosing due to the accumulation of its active metabolite and an increase of the oral bioavailability in chronic use.