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Neolithic architecture refers to structures encompassing housing and shelter from approximately 10,000 to 2,000 BC, the Neolithic period. In southwest Asia, Neolithic cultures appear soon after 10,000 BC, initially in the Levant ( Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B ) and from there into the east and west.
The following are amongst the oldest buildings in the world that have maintained the requirements to be such. Occupation sites with older human made structures, such as those in Göbekli Tepe do exist, but the structures are monuments and do not meet the definition of building (which can be seen above).
In cases such as Kit's Coty House, Kent, the earthen mound of a long barrow has been worn away by the weather or removed, exposing a stone chamber within.In this case, the surviving chamber represents a trilithon that is commonly called a dolmen.
The Etruscan "Tomb of the Diavolino" at Vetulonia is an example. [40] Wooden domes were evidently used in Etruria on the Italian peninsula from the Archaic period. Reproductions were preserved as rock-cut Etruscan tombs produced until the Roman Imperial period, and paintings at Pompeii show examples of them in the third style and later. [41]
The Pre-Pottery Neolithic is divided into Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (10000 – 8800 BCE) and the following Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (8800 – 6500 BCE). [1] [5] PPNB differed from PPNA in showing greater use of domesticated animals, a different set of tools, and new architectural styles.
Menhirs and other standing stones are technically orthostats although the term is used by archaeologists only to describe individual prehistoric stones that constitute part of larger structures. Common examples include the walls of chamber tombs and other megalithic monuments, and the vertical elements of the trilithons at Stonehenge.
Excavations conducted at some of the sites have yielded evidence regarding prehistoric life and the way communities interacted with their environment during the Neolithic and Bronze Ages in Alpine Europe. These settlements are a unique group of exceptionally well-preserved and culturally rich archaeological sites, which constitute one of the ...
Scholarly literature usually concentrates on the architecture of temples, palaces, city walls and gates, and other monumental buildings, but occasionally one finds works on residential architecture as well. [2] Archaeological surface surveys also allowed for the study of urban form in early Mesopotamian cities.