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In frogs and toads, the tympanum is a large external oval shape membrane made up of nonglandular skin. [2] It is located just behind the eye. It does not process sound waves; it simply transmits them to the inner parts of the amphibian's ear, which is protected from the entry of water and other foreign objects.
Sounds from frogs travel through the air, through water, and through the substrate. Frogs and toads largely ignore sounds that are not conspecific calls or those of predators, [2] with only louder noises startling the animals. Even then, unless major vibration is included, they usually do not take any action unless the source has been visually ...
Frogs have a highly developed nervous system that consists of a brain, spinal cord and nerves. Many parts of frog brains correspond with those of humans. It consists of two olfactory lobes, two cerebral hemispheres, a pineal body, two optic lobes, a cerebellum and a medulla oblongata.
The Guinness Book of World Records lists the frog's body weight at 10 milligrams (0.00035 oz), [13] while measurements of Schindleria brevipinguis show them to weigh less than 2 milligrams (7.1 × 10 −5 oz), with one adult specimen weighing just 0.7 milligrams. [14] The frog lives on land and its life cycle does not include a tadpole stage. [11]
The American green tree frog weighs on average 3.76g with a range between 2.15g and 5.11g. Female frogs are usually larger than males. Larger males tend to have an upper hand in attracting females than smaller males either through increased physical strength in duels or more pronounced call signals during mating competition. [8]
The Altai frogs have some different characteristics such as shorter shins, but currently there is no official distinction and all frogs are known as one species—Rana arvalis. [1] The moor frog was first reported by Nilsson in volume 3 of Skandinavisk fauna with a moderate muzzle and prominent first cuneiform bone. [6]
The skull of Kermitops is of similar size to the skull of another well-known Early Permian amphibian, Gerobatrachus, which had a head about an inch in length (2.5 centimeters). But many frogs ...
Reconstruction of Gerobatrachus, possible ancestor of salamanders and frogs. Some, if not all, lissamphibians share the following characteristics. Some of these apply to the soft body parts, hence do not appear in fossils. However, the skeletal characteristics also appear in several types of Palaeozoic amphibians: [6] Double or paired occipital ...