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  2. Stress (mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(mechanics)

    This type of stress may be called (simple) normal stress or uniaxial stress; specifically, (uniaxial, simple, etc.) tensile stress. [13] If the load is compression on the bar, rather than stretching it, the analysis is the same except that the force F and the stress σ {\displaystyle \sigma } change sign, and the stress is called compressive ...

  3. List of physical quantities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_quantities

    Ratio of stress to strain pascal (Pa = N/m 2) L −1 M T −2: scalar; assumes isotropic linear material spring constant: k: k is the torsional constant (measured in N·m/radian), which characterizes the stiffness of the torsional spring or the resistance to angular displacement. N/m M T −2: scalar

  4. List of common physics notations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_physics...

    normal stress: pascal (Pa) scattering cross section: barn (10^-28 m^2) surface tension: newton per meter (N/m) tau: torque: newton meter (N⋅m) shear stress: pascal time constant: second (s) 6.28318... unitless phi: field strength: unit varies depending on context magnetic flux: weber (Wb)

  5. Conservation law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_law

    Invariant (physics) Momentum. Cauchy momentum equation; Energy. Conservation of energy and the First law of thermodynamics; Conservative system; Conserved quantity. Some kinds of helicity are conserved in dissipationless limit: hydrodynamical helicity, magnetic helicity, cross-helicity. Principle of mutability; Conservation law of the Stress ...

  6. Strength of materials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strength_of_materials

    The strength of materials is determined using various methods of calculating the stresses and strains in structural members, such as beams, columns, and shafts. The methods employed to predict the response of a structure under loading and its susceptibility to various failure modes takes into account the properties of the materials such as its yield strength, ultimate strength, Young's modulus ...

  7. Stress field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_field

    A stress field is the distribution of internal forces in a body that balance a given set of external forces. Stress fields are widely used in fluid dynamics and materials science . Consider that one can picture the stress fields as the stress created by adding an extra half plane of atoms to a crystal .

  8. Alternative stress measures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_stress_measures

    The nominal stress = is the transpose of the first Piola–Kirchhoff stress (PK1 stress, also called engineering stress) and is defined via = = = or = = = This stress is unsymmetric and is a two-point tensor like the deformation gradient.

  9. List of states of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_matter

    Such states of matter are studied in condensed matter physics. In extreme conditions found in some stars and in the early universe, atoms break into their constituents and matter exists as some form of degenerate matter or quark matter. Such states of matter are studied in high-energy physics.