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The Sun follows the solar circle (eccentricity e < 0.1) at a speed of about 255 km/s in a clockwise direction when viewed from the galactic north pole at a radius of ≈ 8.34 kpc [4] about the center of the galaxy near Sgr A*, and has only a slight motion, towards the solar apex, relative to the LSR. [5] [6]
The Solar System is traveling at an average speed of 230 km/s (828,000 km/h) or 143 mi/s (514,000 mph) within its trajectory around the Galactic Center, [3] a speed at which an object could circumnavigate the Earth's equator in 2 minutes and 54 seconds; that speed corresponds to approximately 1/1300 of the speed of light.
The Sun is part of one of the Milky Way's outer spiral arms, known as the Orion–Cygnus Arm or Local Spur. [272] [273] It is a member of the thin disk population of stars orbiting close to the galactic plane. [274] Its speed around the center of the Milky Way is about 220 km/s, so that it completes one revolution every 240 million years. [271]
The Sun, taking along the whole Solar System, orbits the galaxy's center of mass at an average speed of 230 km/s (828,000 km/h) or 143 mi/s (514,000 mph), [167] taking about 220–250 million Earth years to complete a revolution (a Galactic year), [168] having done so about 20 times since the Sun's formation.
Average orbital speed of planet Earth around the Sun: 29 783: 97 713: 107 218: 66 623: The fastest recorded speed of the Helios probes: 70,220: 230,381: 252,792: 157,078: Recognized as the fastest speed achieved by a man-made spacecraft, achieved in solar orbit. Orbital speed of the Sun relative to the center of the galaxy: 251 000: 823 000: ...
In galactic astronomy, peculiar motion refers to the motion of an object (usually a star) relative to a Galactic rest frame. Local objects are commonly examined as to their vectors of position angle and radial velocity. These can be combined through vector addition to state the object's motion relative to the Sun.
The solar apex is in the constellation of Hercules near the star Vega. [1]For more than 30 years before 1986 the speed of the Sun towards the solar apex was taken to be about 20 km/s [2] but all later studies give a smaller component in the vector toward galactic longitude 90°, reducing overall speed to about 13.4 km/s. [3]
In such cases, the redshift of the host galaxy allows a determination of the Hubble constant. [22] This was the case for GW170817 , which was used to make the first such measurement. [ 25 ] Even if no electromagnetic counterpart can be identified for an ensemble of signals, it is possible to use a statistical method to infer the value of H 0 ...