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Twelve species belong to the monophyletic "true fox" group of genus Vulpes. Another 25 current or extinct species are sometimes called foxes – they are part of the paraphyletic group of the South American foxes or an outlying group, which consists of the bat-eared fox, gray fox, and island fox. [1] Foxes live on every continent except Antarctica.
Juvenile red foxes are known as kits. Males are called tods or dogs, females are called vixens, and young are known as cubs or kits. [14] Although the Arctic fox has a small native population in northern Scandinavia, and while the corsac fox's range extends into European Russia, the red fox is the only fox native to Western Europe, and so is simply called "the fox" in colloquial British English.
Male fennec fox mounting a female. Fennec foxes mate for life. [29] Captive animals reach sexual maturity at around nine months and mate between January and April. [30] [31] Female fennec foxes are in estrus for an average of 24 hours and usually breed once per year; the copulation tie lasts up to two hours and 45 minutes. [32]
The kit fox is a socially monogamous species, [17] and the mated pair remains together throughout the year. [3] However, polygamous mating relationships have been observed. [14] Female foxes begin searching for natal dens in September and October and usually usable dens are visited and cleaned of debris before the final selection is made.
Three female bat-eared fox kits (young foxes) ... According to PETA UK, baby foxes are called pups, kits or cubs. Meanwhile, a group of foxes is called a skulk or a leash.
In the English language, many animals have different names depending on whether they are male, female, young, domesticated, or in groups. The best-known source of many English words used for collective groupings of animals is The Book of Saint Albans , an essay on hunting published in 1486 and attributed to Juliana Berners . [ 1 ]
A fox squirrel pup. Female fox squirrels come into estrus in mid-December or early January, then again in June. They normally produce two litters a year; however, yearling females may only produce one. [24] Females become sexually mature at 10 to 11 months of age and usually produce their first litter when they are 1 year old. [24]
A silver fox. The silver fox, sometimes referred to as the black fox, [1] or blue fox, [2] is a melanistic form of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Silver foxes display a great deal of pelt variation. Some are completely glossy black except for a white colouration on the tip of the tail, giving them a somewhat silvery appearance.