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The Charter of the French Language (French: Charte de la langue française, pronounced [ʃaʁt də la lɑ̃ɡ fʁɑ̃sɛz]), also known as Bill 101 (French: Loi 101, pronounced [lwa sɑ̃ œ̃]), is a law in the Canadian province of Quebec defining French, the language of the majority of the population, as the official language of the provincial government.
Earlier language legislation in Quebec had included An Act to promote the French language in Quebec in 1969, and the La Vergne Law of 1910. Both statutes were drafted in an attempt to follow the recommendations of the Commission of Inquiry on the Situation of the French Language and Linguistic Rights in Quebec (the Gendron Commission).
That English was an official language in Quebec as well was declared on July 19, 1974, by McGill University law faculty's most expert counsellors, disputing Bill 22. The testifiers were Dean Frank R. Scott; John Peters Humphrey, the chief planner of the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights; Irwin Cotler; and four additional legal teachers: [6]
The first mandatory language law, it incorporates and broadens several elements of the Official Language Act and substantially enhances the status of the French language in Quebec. For its implementation, the Charter establishes, in addition to the OLF, the Toponymy Commission, the Monitoring and Inquiry Commission and the French Language Council.
The French-language media in Quebec, particularly Quebecor, has termed anti-Quebec sentiment Québec bashing [6] —what it perceives as hateful, anti-Quebec coverage in the English-language media. It mostly cites examples from the English-Canadian media, and occasionally in coverage from other countries, often based on Canadian sources. [ 7 ]
This made French the sole official language of Quebec and required its use in business. Bill 22 was replaced by the Charter of the French Language (Bill 101) by Quebec's National Assembly in August 1977, under the Parti Québécois government led by René Lévesque. It is structured as a list of rights, where everyone in Quebec has the right to ...
Quebec's legal system was established when New France was founded in 1663. In 1664, Louis XIV decreed in the charter creating the French East India Company that French colonial law would be primarily based on the Custom of Paris, the variant of civil law in force in the Paris region.
The Act to amend the Charter of the French Language (known as "Bill 104") [Note 1] is a Quebec amending act [Note 2] introduced by the Landry government in 2002, which made adjustments to several provisions of Quebec's language policy.
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