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  2. Statistical hypothesis test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_test

    Statistical hypothesis testing is a key technique of both frequentist inference and Bayesian inference, although the two types of inference have notable differences. Statistical hypothesis tests define a procedure that controls (fixes) the probability of incorrectly deciding that a default position (null hypothesis) is incorrect. The procedure ...

  3. Hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis

    The hypothesis of Andreas Cellarius, showing the planetary motions in eccentric and epicyclical orbits. A hypothesis (pl.: hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. A scientific hypothesis must be based on observations and make a testable and reproducible prediction about reality, in a process beginning with an educated guess or ...

  4. Power (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_(statistics)

    We define two hypotheses the null hypothesis, and the alternative hypothesis. If we design the test such that α is the significance level - being the probability of rejecting H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} when H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} is in fact true, then the power of the test is 1 - β where β is the probability of failing to reject H 0 ...

  5. Sample size determination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_size_determination

    The table shown on the right can be used in a two-sample t-test to estimate the sample sizes of an experimental group and a control group that are of equal size, that is, the total number of individuals in the trial is twice that of the number given, and the desired significance level is 0.05. [4]

  6. Statistical inference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_inference

    Statistical inference makes propositions about a population, using data drawn from the population with some form of sampling.Given a hypothesis about a population, for which we wish to draw inferences, statistical inference consists of (first) selecting a statistical model of the process that generates the data and (second) deducing propositions from the model.

  7. Null hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_hypothesis

    The null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis are types of conjectures used in statistical tests to make statistical inferences, which are formal methods of reaching conclusions and separating scientific claims from statistical noise. The statement being tested in a test of statistical significance is called the null hypothesis.

  8. Analysis of competing hypotheses - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis_of_competing...

    Heuer outlines the ACH process in considerable depth in his book, Psychology of Intelligence Analysis. [1] It consists of the following steps: Hypothesis – The first step of the process is to identify all potential hypotheses, preferably using a group of analysts with different perspectives to brainstorm the possibilities. The process ...

  9. Scientific method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method

    Scientific inquiry includes creating a testable hypothesis through inductive reasoning, testing it through experiments and statistical analysis, and adjusting or discarding the hypothesis based on the results. [1] [2] [3] Although procedures vary between fields, the underlying process is often similar.