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There are a variety of disabilities affecting cognitive ability.This is a broad concept encompassing various intellectual or cognitive deficits, including intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation), deficits too mild to properly qualify as intellectual disability, various specific conditions (such as specific learning disability), and problems acquired later in life through ...
Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability (in the United Kingdom), [3] and formerly mental retardation (in the United States), [4] [5] [6] is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning that is first apparent during childhood.
Used of people perceived as having reduced or limited mental faculties. Numerous derivatives with no known original (e.g. "a few books short of a library"). [citation needed] Able-bodied: There is an implied value judgement comparing a person with a disability versus one without [10] Abnormal [11] Addict [12] Afflicted [10] Attention-seeking
Educable mentally handicapped: EMR Educable mentally retarded: ENS Epidermal nevus syndrome: EPM Extrapontine myelinolysis (see central pontine myelinolysis) EPP Erythropoietic protoporphyria: ESRD End-stage renal disease: ESS Empty sella syndrome: EVD Ebola Virus Disease
Phrases such as "mental retardation", "mentally retarded", and "retarded" are also subject to the euphemism treadmill: initially used in a medical manner, they gradually took on derogatory connotation. This had occurred with the earlier synonyms (for example, moron, imbecile, cretin, and idiot, formerly used as scientific terms in the early ...
The bill changed references in federal law; the term mental retardation was replaced by mental disability. Additionally, the phrase "mentally retarded individual" was replaced with "an individual with an intellectual disability". [14] Rosa's Law was named after Rosa Marcellino, a nine-year-old girl with Down syndrome.
Mental disability may refer to: Developmental disability , a chronic condition due to mental or physical impairments arising before adulthood Disabilities affecting intellectual abilities , medical conditions affecting cognitive ability including:
The definition of disabled children expanded to include developmentally delayed children between three and nine years of age. It also required parents to attempt to resolve disputes with schools and Local Educational Agencies (LEAs) through mediation, and provided a process for doing so. The amendments authorized additional grants for ...