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Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability (in the United Kingdom), [3] and formerly mental retardation (in the United States), [4] [5] [6] is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning that is first apparent during childhood.
There are a variety of disabilities affecting cognitive ability.This is a broad concept encompassing various intellectual or cognitive deficits, including intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation), deficits too mild to properly qualify as intellectual disability, various specific conditions (such as specific learning disability), and problems acquired later in life through ...
In the 1960s, changes in the law led to the use of such terms as mental retardation. With the loss of idiot (IQ 0–25), imbecile (IQ 26–50) and moron (IQ 51–75), specific descriptors of IQ-based intelligence were abandoned because of negative public sentiment. Under Rosa's law, these would be described respectively as profound, severe, and ...
The bill changed references in federal law; the term mental retardation was replaced by mental disability. Additionally, the phrase "mentally retarded individual" was replaced with "an individual with an intellectual disability". [14] Rosa's Law was named after Rosa Marcellino, a nine-year-old girl with Down syndrome.
Mental disability may refer to: Developmental disability , a chronic condition due to mental or physical impairments arising before adulthood Disabilities affecting intellectual abilities , medical conditions affecting cognitive ability including:
The Declaration makes thirteen distinct proclamations: Definition of the term "disabled person" as "any person unable to ensure by himself or herself, wholly or partly, the necessities of a normal individual and/or social life, as a result of deficiency, either congenital or not, in his or her physical or mental capabilities".
In those days children with Down Syndrome were placed in educational programs for "trainable" mentally retarded children rather than "educable" children. For most of those children that meant attending school in segregated centers hidden away from the non-disabled student population. [citation needed]
Educable mentally handicapped: EMR Educable mentally retarded: ENS Epidermal nevus syndrome: EPM Extrapontine myelinolysis (see central pontine myelinolysis) EPP Erythropoietic protoporphyria: ESRD End-stage renal disease: ESS Empty sella syndrome: EVD Ebola Virus Disease