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The following communist states were socialist states committed to communism. Some were short-lived and preceded the widespread adoption of Marxism–Leninism by most communist states. Russia. Chita Republic (1905–1906) Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991) Amur Socialist Soviet Republic (1918)
Certain other countries, such as Hungary, [1] Myanmar, [2] and Poland [3] have constitutions that make references to their communist and socialist past by recognizing or condemning it, but without claiming to be socialist in the present.
Since then, communist parties have governed numerous countries, whether as ruling parties in one-party states like the Chinese Communist Party or the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, or as ruling parties in multi-party systems, including majority and minority governments as well as leading or being part of several coalitions.
While many countries with constitutional references to socialism and countries ruled by long-standing socialist movements exist, within Marxist–Leninist theory a socialist state is led by a communist party that has instituted a socialist economy in a given country. [71]
According to Kei Hiruta, it is a popular, yet contested, position in historiography today to exclude Fascist Italy from the list of totalitarian regimes. Hannah Arendt in The Origins of Totalitarianism disputes that Italy was a totalitarian state, [ 17 ] at least until 1938.
Of the 74 states listed here, 19 of them are republics ruled by a socialist, communist or anti-capitalist party, 5 of them are official socialist states ruled by a communist party; 4 of which espouse Marxism–Leninism (China, Cuba, Laos, and Vietnam) while the 5th (North Korea) espouses Juche. [1]
Dissolved despite public approval in each of the countries due to disagreements among the governments on the terms of the merger. Arab Islamic Republic: 1974: Union of States: Short-lived proposed union of Libya and Tunisia. Senegambia Confederation: 1982–1989: Union of States: Confederation that included the present-day countries of Senegal ...
Prominent left communist groups existing today include the International Communist Current and the Internationalist Communist Tendency. [233] Specific currents that can be labelled part of left communism include Bordigism, Luxemburgism, and Communization. [234]