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  2. Winemaking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winemaking

    Winemaking. Wine grapes from the Guadalupe Valley in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Winemaking, wine-making, or vinification is the production of wine, starting with the selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid. The history of wine -making stretches over millennia.

  3. Fermentation in winemaking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_in_winemaking

    The process of fermentation in winemaking turns grape juice into an alcoholic beverage. During fermentation, yeasts transform sugars present in the juice into ethanol and carbon dioxide (as a by-product). In winemaking, the temperature and speed of fermentation are important considerations as well as the levels of oxygen present in the must at ...

  4. Maceration (wine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maceration_(wine)

    Maceration is the winemaking process where the phenolic materials of the grape— tannins, coloring agents (anthocyanins) and flavor compounds—are leached from the grape skins, seeds and stems into the must. To macerate is to soften by soaking, and maceration is the process by which the red wine receives its red color, since raw grape juice ...

  5. Pressing (wine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressing_(wine)

    Pressing (wine) In winemaking, pressing is the process where juice is extracted from the grapes with the aid of a wine-press, by hand, or even by the weight of the grape berries and clusters. [1] Historically, intact grape clusters were trodden by feet but in most wineries today the grapes are sent through a crusher/destemmer, which removes the ...

  6. Annual growth cycle of grapevines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_growth_cycle_of...

    The annual growth cycle of grapevines is the process that takes place in the vineyard each year, beginning with bud break in the spring and culminating in leaf fall in autumn followed by winter dormancy. From a winemaking perspective, each step in the process plays a vital role in the development of grapes with ideal characteristics for making ...

  7. Clarification and stabilization of wine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarification_and...

    The winemaking process naturally produces sediments that can precipitate out of the wine. In winemaking, clarification and stabilization are the processes by which insoluble matter suspended in the wine is removed before bottling. This matter may include dead yeast cells ( lees ), bacteria, tartrates, proteins, pectins, various tannins and ...

  8. Malolactic fermentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malolactic_fermentation

    Malolactic conversion (also known as malolactic fermentation or MLF) is a process in winemaking in which tart -tasting malic acid, naturally present in grape must, is converted to softer-tasting lactic acid. Malolactic fermentation is most often performed as a secondary fermentation shortly after the end of the primary fermentation, but can ...

  9. Ethanol fermentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol_fermentation

    In wine making this is known as the counter-Pasteur effect. These yeasts will produce ethanol even under aerobic conditions, if they are provided with the right kind of nutrition. During batch fermentation, the rate of ethanol production per milligram of cell protein is maximal for a brief period early in this process and declines progressively ...

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