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  2. Quota rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quota_rule

    Therefore, the quota rule states that the only two allocations allowed for party A are 1 or 2 seats on the council. If there is a second party, B , that has 137 members, then the quota rule states that party B gets 137 300 ⋅ 5 ≈ 2.3 {\displaystyle {\frac {137}{300}}\cdot 5\approx 2.3} , rounded up and down equals either 2 or 3 seats.

  3. Quota method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quota_method

    The quota or divide-and-rank methods make up a category of apportionment rules, i.e. algorithms for allocating seats in a legislative body among multiple groups (e.g. parties or federal states). The quota methods begin by calculating an entitlement (basic number of seats) for each party, by dividing their vote totals by an electoral quota (a ...

  4. Highest averages method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highest_averages_method

    A quota-capped divisor method is an apportionment method where we begin by assigning every state its lower quota of seats. Then, we add seats one-by-one to the state with the highest votes-per-seat average, so long as adding an additional seat does not result in the state exceeding its upper quota. [30]

  5. Mathematics of apportionment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_of_apportionment

    For example, the Quota method of Balinsky and Young satisfies house-monotonicity and upper-quota by construction, and it can be proved that it also satisfies lower-quota. [11] It can be generalized: there is a general algorithm that yields all apportionment methods which are both house-monotone and satisfy both quotas.

  6. Electoral threshold - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_threshold

    German electoral law also includes the Grundmandatsklausel ('basic mandate clause'), which grants full proportional seating to parties winning at least three constituencies as if they had passed the electoral threshold, even if they did not. This rule is intended to benefit parties with regional appeal. [9]

  7. Rank-index method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank-Index_method

    A quota-capped divisor method is an apportionment method where we begin by assigning every state its lower quota of seats. Then, we add seats one-by-one to the state with the highest votes-per-seat average, so long as adding an additional seat does not result in the state exceeding its upper quota. [3]

  8. Women are being notified that they need to take action if ...

    www.aol.com/women-being-notified-action-dense...

    The FDA rule mandating women be notified of their breast density is the result of intense lobbying by women who found champions in state and federal legislators to get laws introduced and passed.

  9. Electoral quota - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_quota

    Some say the Droop quota may go too far in that regard, saying it is the most-biased possible quota that can still be considered to be proportional. [1] Today the Droop quota is used in almost all STV elections, including those in the Republic of Ireland, Malta, Australia, Northern Ireland, and India. [13]