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As IPR competition has accelerated, [7] companies and investors have tried to grow ever greater returns from IP assets [8] which has incentivized the exploration of new applications of IPRs to fulfill competitive aspirations. Innovations in IPR exploitation have led companies and investors to develop a class of strategic techniques that ...
The act mandated local South African pharmaceutical companies licensing to make generic, affordable versions of patent protected HIV/AIDs drugs. This was met with opposition from pharmaceutical companies and the U.S. government, which responded with trade restrictions on South Africa in 1998, on the basis of intellectual property infringement.
Competition law is the field of law that promotes or seeks to maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Competition law is implemented through public and private enforcement. [ 3 ]
Protection against unfair competition supplements the protection of inventions, industrial designs, trademarks and geographical indications. It is particularly important for the protection of knowledge, technology or information that is not protected by a patent but that may be required in order to make best use of a patented invention. [15]
A Priority Foreign Country is the worst classification given to "foreign countries that deny "adequate and effective" protection of intellectual property rights (IPR) or "fair and equitable market access" to U.S. persons relying upon IPR protection" under the Trade Act.
Competition regulators may also regulate certain aspects of mergers and acquisitions and business alliances and regulate or prohibit cartels and monopolies. Other government agencies may have responsibilities in relation to aspects of competition law that affect companies (e.g., the registrar of companies).
Trade secret protection covers confidential information, which can include technical and scientific data, business and commercial information, and financial records. [3] Even “negative” information, like failed experiments, can be valuable by helping companies avoid repeating costly mistakes. [3]
Companies or individuals who infringe on intellectual property rights produce counterfeit or pirated products and services. [3] An example of a counterfeit product is if a vendor were to place a well-known logo on a piece of clothing that said company did not produce.