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  2. Frequency modulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_modulation

    FM receivers employ a special detector for FM signals and exhibit a phenomenon known as the capture effect, in which the tuner "captures" the stronger of two stations on the same frequency while rejecting the other (compare this with a similar situation on an AM receiver, where both stations can be heard simultaneously).

  3. Angle modulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_modulation

    The functional form of the cosine term, which contains the expression of the instantaneous phase + as its argument, provides the distinction of the two types of angle modulation, frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM). [2] In FM the message signal causes a functional variation of the instantaneous frequency. These variations are ...

  4. Amplitude modulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude_modulation

    Amplitude modulation (AM) is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting messages with a radio wave.In amplitude modulation, the amplitude (signal strength) of the wave is varied in proportion to that of the message signal, such as an audio signal.

  5. Orders of magnitude (molar concentration) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(molar...

    aM: 10 −17: 10 −16: 10 −15: fM: 2 fM: bacteria in surface seawater (1 × 10 9 /L) [7] 10 −14: 20 fM: virions in surface layer North Atlantic seawater (10 × 10 9 /L) [8] 50–100 fM: gold in seawater [9] 10 −13: 10 −12: pM: 7.51–9.80 pM: normal range for erythrocytes in blood in an adult male ((4.52–5.90) × 10 12 /L) [10] [11 ...

  6. Phase modulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_modulation

    Phase modulation (PM) is a modulation pattern for conditioning communication signals for transmission. It encodes a message signal as variations in the instantaneous phase of a carrier wave . Phase modulation is one of the two principal forms of angle modulation , together with frequency modulation .

  7. FM broadcast band - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM_broadcast_band

    Like the existing AM band these stations employed amplitude modulation, however the 40 kHz spacing between adjacent frequencies was four times as much as the 10 kHz spacing on the standard AM broadcast band, which reduced adjacent-frequency interference, and provided more bandwidth for high-fidelity programming.

  8. Types of radio emissions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_radio_emissions

    Wide FM, 20.0 kHz width, ±5 kHz deviation, still widely used for amateur radio, NOAA weather radio, marine, and aviation users and land mobile users below 50 MHz [2] 11K2 F3E Narrow FM, 11.25 kHz bandwidth, ±2.5 kHz deviation – In the United States, all Part 90 Land Mobile Radio Service (LMRS) users operating above 50 MHz were required to ...

  9. FM broadcasting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM_broadcasting

    With the gradual clearance of other users (notably Public Services such as police, fire and ambulance) and the extension of the FM band to 108.0 MHz between 1980 and 1995, FM expanded rapidly throughout the British Isles and effectively took over from LW and MW as the delivery platform of choice for fixed and portable domestic and vehicle-based ...