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Clubfoot is a congenital or acquired defect where one or both feet are rotated inward and downward. [1] [2] Congenital clubfoot is the most common congenital malformation of the foot with an incidence of 1 per 1000 births. [5]
These defects are more likely to be unilateral than bilateral, more likely to affect the upper limbs than lower limbs, and are associated with complex genetic syndromes about 10% of the time. [3] A wide variety of abnormalities of the hands and feet, including the nails and the creases of the hand, have been described and differentiated. [4]
The syndrome is associated with microcephaly, arthrogryposis and cleft palate and various craniofacial, respiratory, neurological and limb abnormalities, including bone and joint defects of the upper limbs, adducted thumbs, camptodactyly and talipes equinovarus or calcaneovalgus.
Potter sequence is the atypical physical appearance of a baby due to oligohydramnios experienced when in the uterus. [1] It includes clubbed feet, pulmonary hypoplasia and cranial anomalies related to the oligohydramnios.
It is rare but possible for the membrane to become wrapped around the placenta or the neck of the baby in the womb causing strangulation and death. There is a strong relationship between ABS and clubfoot (also called talipes). 31.5% of clubfoot cases can be correlated with ABS, with 20% occurring bilaterally.
Polydactyly is present in about 4 to 12 per 10,000 newborns. [1] It is the most common defect of the hands and feet. [2] In the United States, Black people are more commonly affected than white people. [2] The term is from from Greek πολύς (polys) 'many' and δάκτυλος (daktylos) 'finger'. [5]
Often, every joint in a patient with arthrogryposis is affected; in 84% all limbs are involved, in 11% only the legs, and in 4% only the arms are involved. [4] Every joint in the body, when affected, displays typical signs and symptoms: for example, the shoulder (internal rotation); wrist (volar and ulnar); hand (fingers in fixed flexion and thumb in palm); hip (flexed, abducted and externally ...
Unlike the flexible flat foot that is commonly encountered in young children, congenital vertical talus is characterized by presence of a very rigid foot deformity. The foot deformity in congenital vertical talus consists of various components, namely a prominent calcaneus caused by the ankle equines or plantar flexion, a convex and rounded sole of the foot caused by prominence of the head of ...