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  2. Network interface controller - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_controller

    A network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, [3] network adapter, LAN adapter and physical network interface [4]) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network. [5] Early network interface controllers were commonly implemented on expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus.

  3. Fast Ethernet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_Ethernet

    3Com 3C905B-TX 100BASE-TX PCI network interface card. 100BASE-TX is the predominant form of Fast Ethernet, and runs over two pairs of wire inside a Category 5 or above cable. Cable distance between nodes can be up to 100 metres (328 ft). One pair is used for each direction, providing full-duplex operation at 100 Mbit/s in each direction.

  4. Gigabit Ethernet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet

    Supermicro AOC-SGP-I2 dual-port Gigabit Ethernet NIC, a PCI Express ×4 card. 1000BASE-T (also known as IEEE 802.3ab) is a standard for Gigabit Ethernet over twisted-pair wiring. Each 1000BASE-T network segment is recommended to be a maximum length of 100 meters (330 feet), [5] [a] and must use Category 5 cable or better (including Cat 5e and ...

  5. List of interface bit rates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_interface_bit_rates

    This is a list of interface bit rates, is a measure of information transfer rates, or digital bandwidth capacity, at which digital interfaces in a computer or network can communicate over various kinds of buses and channels.

  6. Network performance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_performance

    The speed of light imposes a minimum propagation time on all electromagnetic signals. It is not possible to reduce the latency below = / where s is the distance and c m is the speed of light in the medium (roughly 200,000 km/s for most fiber or electrical media, depending on their velocity factor).

  7. Bit time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_time

    It is defined as the time it takes for one bit to be ejected from a network interface controller (NIC) operating at some predefined standard speed, such as 10 Mbit/s. The time is measured between the time the logical link control sublayer receives the instruction from the operating system until the bit actually leaves the NIC. The bit time has ...

  8. Optical Carrier transmission rates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_Carrier...

    OC-48 is also used as a transmission speed for tributaries from OC-192 nodes in order to optimize card slot utilization where lower speed deployments are used. Slower cards that drop to OC-12, OC-3 or STS-1 speeds are more commonly found on OC-48 terminals, where use of these cards on an OC-192 terminal would not allow for full use of the ...

  9. 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2.5GBASE-T_and_5GBASE-T

    By reducing the original signal rate to 1 ⁄ 4 or 1 ⁄ 2, the link speed drops to 2.5 or 5 Gbit/s, respectively. [5] The spectral bandwidth of the signal is reduced accordingly, lowering the requirements on the cabling, so that 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T can be deployed at a cable length of up to 100 m on Cat 5e or better cables.