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Motor oil, a common lubricant. A lubricant (sometimes shortened to lube) is a substance that helps to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move. It may also have the function of transmitting forces, transporting foreign particles, or heating or cooling the surfaces.
Some types are synthetic liquid lubricants that have been used in the aerospace industry for over 30 years. [1] The main properties of PFPE are being temperature resistant between −58 °C (215 K) and 257 °C (530 K) (depending on specific composites), having very low outgassing compared to other fluids ( vapour pressure of 6 × 10 −8 Torr ...
A true grease consists of an oil or other fluid lubricant that is mixed with a thickener, typically a soap, to form a solid or semisolid. [1] Greases are usually shear-thinning or pseudo-plastic fluids, which means that the viscosity of the fluid is reduced under shear stress.
WD-40's formula is a trade secret. [17] The original copy of the formula was moved to a secure bank vault in San Diego in 2018. [18] To avoid disclosing its composition, the product was not patented in 1953, and the window of opportunity for patenting it has long since closed.
A tube of commercial graphite powder lubricant with molybdenum disulfide additive (called "molybdenum") [33] Due to weak van der Waals interactions between the sheets of sulfide atoms, MoS 2 has a low coefficient of friction. MoS 2 in particle sizes in the range of 1–100 μm is a common dry lubricant. [34]
In addition to PFPE, Krytox grease also contains telomers of PTFE and in fact was designed as a liquid or grease form of PTFE. It is thermally stable, nonflammable (even in liquid oxygen), and insoluble in water, acids, bases, and most organic solvents. It is nonvolatile and useful over a broad temperature range of −75 to 350 °C (−100 to ...
Synthetics include classes of lubricants like synthetic esters (Group V) as well as "others" like GTL (methane gas-to-liquid) (Group III +) and polyalpha-olefins (Group IV). Higher purity and therefore better property control theoretically means synthetic oil has better mechanical properties at extremes of high and low temperatures.
The properties that are sought after in a good cutting fluid are the ability to: Keep the workpiece at a stable temperature (critical when working to close tolerances). Very warm is acceptable, but extremely hot or alternating hot-and-cold are avoided. Maximize the life of the cutting tip by lubricating the working edge and reducing tip welding.