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The diagnosis of iron poisoning is based on clinical presentation including laboratory tests for serum iron concentrations and metabolic acidosis along with physical examination. Treatment for iron poisoning involves providing fluid replacement , gastrointestinal decontamination, administering deferoxamine intravenously, liver transplants , and ...
Chelation therapy is a medical procedure that involves the administration of chelating agents to remove heavy metals from the body. [1] Chelation therapy has a long history of use in clinical toxicology [2] and remains in use for some very specific medical treatments, although it is administered under very careful medical supervision due to various inherent risks, including the mobilization of ...
Iron overload (also known as haemochromatosis or hemochromatosis) is the abnormal and increased accumulation of total iron in the body, leading to organ damage. [1] The primary mechanism of organ damage is oxidative stress, as elevated intracellular iron levels increase free radical formation via the Fenton reaction.
Dimercaprol has long been the mainstay of chelation therapy for lead or arsenic poisoning, [7] and it is an essential drug. [6] It is also used as an antidote to the chemical weapon Lewisite . Nonetheless, because it can have serious adverse effects , researchers have also pursued development of less toxic analogues, [ 7 ] such as succimer .
Since iron stores in the body are generally depleted, and there is a limit to what the body can process (about 2–6 mg/kg of body mass per day; i.e. for a 100 kg/220 lb man this is equal to a maximum dose of 200–600 mg/per day) without iron poisoning, this is a chronic therapy which may take 3–6 months. [50]
Other than the mechanism of toxicity, four clinical stages of iron toxicity has been classified [4] [9] The first stage is the initial stage of excess iron in intestinal system and circulation. High iron concentration causes hemorrhagic necrosis and ulceration of the upper intestine, leading to breakage of intestinal mucosal barrier and blood loss.
[1] [2] [3] IV iron infusions are recommended when oral iron supplementation fails to adequately restore iron and haemoglobin levels in the blood. The intravenous method is a fast and effective way of delivering iron throughout the body, used as iron can be administered instantly rather than gradually over time.
Hemochromatosis type 4 is a hereditary iron overload disorder that affects ferroportin, an iron transport protein needed to export iron from cells into circulation. [1] Although the disease is rare, it is found throughout the world and affects people from various ethnic groups.
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