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The flute is a member of a family of musical instruments in the woodwind group. Like all woodwinds, flutes are aerophones, producing sound with a vibrating column of air. Flutes produce sound when the player's air flows across an opening. In the Hornbostel–Sachs classification system, flutes are edge-blown aerophones. [1]
Flutes produce sound by directing a focused stream of air across the edge of a hole in a cylindrical tube. [2] [3] The flute family can be divided into two subfamilies: open flutes and closed flutes. [4] To produce a sound with an open flute, the player is required to blow a stream of air across a sharp edge that then splits the airstream.
The tarka (or tharqa), which also operates like a recorder but is comparatively shorter and quite angular in shape, requires greater breath, and has a darker, more penetrating sound; The moseño (originally mohoseño), is a long, dual-tube bamboo flute with a deep sound. The auxiliary tube acts as an aeroduct. [2]
The hand flute, or handflute, is a musical instrument made out of the player's hands. It is also called a hand ocarina or hand whistle . To produce sound, the player creates a chamber of air with their hands, into which they blow air via an opening at the thumbs.
A distinctive sound of some Native American flutes, particularly traditional flutes, is called a warble (or warbling). It sounds as if the flute is vacillating back and forth between distinct pitches. However, it is actually the sound of different harmonic components of same sound coming into dominance at different times. [54]
Each of the above instruments has its own range. The piccolo reads music in C (like the standard flute), but sounds one octave higher. The alto flute is in the key of G, and the low register extends to the G below middle C; its highest note is a high G (4 ledger lines above the treble staff). The bass flute is an octave lower than the concert ...
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The hichiriki is a double reed Japanese fue (flute) used as one of two main melodic instruments in gagaku music. [citation needed] It is one of the "sacred" instruments and is often heard at Shinto weddings in Japan. [citation needed] Its sound is often described as haunting. [1] [2]