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Apart from structural wood preservation measures, there are a number of different chemical preservatives and processes (also known as timber treatment, lumber treatment or pressure treatment) that can extend the life of wood, timber, and their associated products, including engineered wood. These generally increase the durability and resistance ...
An example of the conservation of wood and how it has changed over time can be illustrated by the conservation treatments of a Kefermarkt altar. The earliest attempt at wood conservation is recorded as late as 1852–1855, A. Stifter treated the Kefermarkt altar in Austria with table salt in an attempt to protect the wood against pests.
Thermally modified wood is engineered wood that has been modified by a controlled pyrolysis process of wood being heated to (> 180 °C) in an oxygen free atmosphere. This process changes to the chemical structures of wood's cell wall components lignin , cellulose and hemicellulose which decreases its hygroscopy and thus increases dimensional ...
Wood to be used for construction work is commonly known as lumber in North America. Elsewhere, lumber usually refers to felled trees, and the word for sawn planks ready for use is timber. [46] In Medieval Europe oak was the wood of choice for all wood construction, including beams, walls, doors, and floors.
Cellulosic sugars are derived from non-food biomass (e.g. wood, agricultural residues, municipal solid waste). [1] The biomass is primarily composed of carbohydrate polymers cellulose, hemicellulose, and an aromatic polymer (lignin). The hemicellulose is a polymer of mainly five-carbon sugars C 5 H 10 O 5 .
Certified wood and paper products come from responsibly managed forests – as defined by a particular standard. With third-party forest certification, an independent standards setting organization (SSO) develops standards for good forest management, and independent auditing companies issue certificates to forest operations that comply with ...
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This, along with the ability of the kraft process to accept a wider variety of types of wood and produce stronger fibers [4] made the kraft process the dominant pulping process starting in the 1940s. [3] Sulfite pulps now account for less than 10% of the total chemical pulp production [3] and the number of sulfite mills continues to decrease ...