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Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is a form of lung disease characterized by progressive scarring of both lungs. [1] The scarring (pulmonary fibrosis) involves the pulmonary interstitium (the supporting framework of the lung). UIP is thus classified as a form of interstitial lung disease.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD), or diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), [3] is a group of respiratory diseases affecting the interstitium (the tissue) and space around the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs. [4] It concerns alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and perivascular and perilymphatic tissues. It ...
It is a type of interstitial lung disease. [3] People often benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation and supplemental oxygen. [1] Certain medications like pirfenidone or nintedanib may slow the progression of the disease. [2] Lung transplantation may also be an option. [1] About 5 million people are affected globally. [8]
Pulmonary function testing in people with organizing pneumonia, either cryptogenic or due to secondary causes, shows a restrictive defect with a decrease in the gas absorptive capacity of the lungs (seen as a decrease in the diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide). [9] Airflow obstruction is usually not seen on pulmonary function testing. [9]
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection (MAI) is an atypical mycobacterial infection, i.e. one with nontuberculous mycobacteria or NTM, caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), which is made of two Mycobacterium species, M. avium and M. intracellulare. [1]
While a lung biopsy is the gold standard, some clinicians opt against this due to the risks of the procedure. Lung biopsies performed on patients with NSIP reveal two different disease patterns – cellular and fibrosing – which are associated with different prognoses. The cellular pattern displays chronic inflammation with minimal fibrosis.
In 1965 Liebow described 18 patients with pulmonary lesions with large alveolar cell proliferation and desquamation. Liebow also noted that the walls of the patient's distal airways were thickened. [23] The name "desquamative interstitial pneumonia" originated from the assumption that the disease was caused by epithelial cell desquamation. [1] [4]
Pneumoconiosis is the general term for a class of interstitial lung disease where inhalation of dust (for example, ash dust, lead particles, pollen grains etc) has caused interstitial fibrosis. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The three most common types are asbestosis , silicosis , and coal miner's lung . [ 3 ]
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