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Life expectancy ~ 4 years [1] Frequency: 12 per 100,000 people per year [4] Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ... Risk factors include cigarette smoking, ...
Hypoxia caused by pulmonary fibrosis can lead to pulmonary hypertension, which in turn can lead to heart failure of the right ventricle. Hypoxia can be prevented by oxygen supplementation. [3] Pulmonary fibrosis may also result in an increased risk of pulmonary emboli, which can be prevented by anticoagulants. [3]
Active or passive exposure to cigarette smoke is the most well-established risk factor for desquamative interstitial pneumonia. DIP has also been reported in those who do not smoke which indicates that there are other risk factors for DIP. [6]
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a genetic risk factor that may lead to the condition presenting earlier. [ 9 ] When associated with significant airflow limitation, emphysema is a major subtype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a progressive lung disease characterized by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow.
Smoking is by far the leading risk factor for ... People with severe pulmonary fibrosis and severe emphysema with a life expectancy less than a year should be ...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis ...
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