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When lobbying did happen in those days, it was often "practiced discreetly" with little or no public disclosure. [4] By one account, more intense lobbying in the federal government happened from 1869 and 1877 during the administration of President Grant [6] near the start of the so-called Gilded Age. The most influential lobbies wanted railroad ...
At that point, the Virginia Company essentially declared martial law and suspended the minimal semblance of collaborative government. [1] The era of near-dictatorial power by the governor ended in 1618 following the king's issuance of the third royal charter. As a result, a representative and consultative government was created.
The executive branch of the government also lobbies Congress (the federal government's legislative branch) to influence the passing of treaties. As an example, in 2010, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton lobbied Congress in an attempt to "save one of President Obama’s few foreign policy victories: an arms-control treaty with Russia".
Virginia Senator Harry F. Byrd, Jr., supported by a bipartisan, conservative coalition, successfully enacted an amendment in 1971 that forced the U.S. government to circumvent the U.N. and ...
Lobbying depends on cultivating personal relationships over many years. Photo: Lobbyist Tony Podesta (left) with former Senator Kay Hagan (center) and her husband.. Generally, lobbyists focus on trying to persuade decision-makers: Congress, executive branch agencies such as the Treasury Department and the Securities and Exchange Commission, [16] the Supreme Court, [17] and state governments ...
Lobbying is a form of advocacy, which lawfully attempts to directly influence legislators or government officials, such as regulatory agencies or judiciary. [1] Lobbying involves direct, face-to-face contact and is carried out by various entities, including individuals acting as voters, constituents, or private citizens, corporations pursuing their business interests, nonprofits and NGOs ...
The firm's total lobbying income in 2006 was $10,300,000 and increased marginally in the following four years. The billings by client, and the clients by A&F employee, the top issues addressed as identified in quarterly federal lobbying reports, the agencies lobbied, the bills and related clients lobbied, and reports prepared by the firm are ...
By the 1980s, Northern Virginia and the Hampton Roads region had achieved the greatest growth and prosperity, chiefly because of employment related to Federal government agencies and defense, and an increase in technology in Northern Virginia. Shipping through the Port of Hampton Roads began expansion which continued into the early 21st century ...