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The Aztecs were conquered by Spain in 1521 after a long siege of the capital, Tenochtitlan, where much of the population died from hunger and smallpox. Cortés, with 508 Spaniards, did not fight alone but with as many as 150,000 or 200,000 allies from Tlaxcala , and eventually other Aztec tributary states.
The Aztecs [a] (/ ˈ æ z t ɛ k s / AZ-teks) were a Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. The Aztec people included different ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica from the 14th to the 16th centuries.
The word Aztec in modern usage would not have been used by the people themselves. It has variously been used to refer to the Aztecs or Triple Alliance, the Nahuatl-speaking people of central Mexico prior to the Spanish conquest, or specifically the Mexica ethnicity of the Nahuatl-speaking tribes (from tlaca). [7]
English: Map of the Aztec Empire lead by Tenochtitlan circa 1519, before the arrival of the Spanish. Français : Étendue de l' empire Aztèque soumis à la Triple Alliance , dirigée par Tenochtitlan, à l'arrivée des Espagnols en 1519.
Oztoticpac Lands Map. The Oztoticpac Lands Map of Texcoco is a pictorial Aztec codex on native paper (amatl) from Texcoco ca. 1540. [1] It is held by the manuscript division of the Library of Congress, measuring 76 cm × 84 cm (29 + 29 ⁄ 32 by 33 + 1 ⁄ 16 inches) and now on display in the Library of Congress as part of its permanent exhibition "Exploring the Early Americas". [2]
1513 – Juan Ponce de León defeats Tlaxcala, a small state neighboring the Aztec Empire. 1517 – Protestant reformation; 1520s – Spanish begin the conquest of Aztec civilization. 1521 – Hernán Cortés conquered the Aztec empire. 1524 – Giovanni da Verrazzano, working for France, explores coastline from present-day Maine to North Carolina.
The Waldseemüller map or Universalis Cosmographia ("Universal Cosmography") is a printed wall map of the world by German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller, originally published in April 1507. It is known as the first map to use the name "America". The name America is placed on South America on the main map.
The Spanish claimed all of North and South America (with the exception of Brazil), and no other European power challenged those claims by planting colonies until over a century after Spain's first settlements. The first French settlements were Port Royal (1604) and Quebec City (1608) in what is now Nova Scotia and Quebec.