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Liquid ammonia has a very high standard enthalpy change of vapourization (23.5 kJ/mol; [28] for comparison, water's is 40.65 kJ/mol, methane 8.19 kJ/mol and phosphine 14.6 kJ/mol) and can be transported in pressurized or refrigerated vessels; however, at standard temperature and pressure liquid anhydrous ammonia will vaporize.
Ammonia solution, also known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately) ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water. It can be denoted by the symbols NH 3 (aq). Although the name ammonium hydroxide suggests a salt with the composition [NH + 4][OH −
The table above gives properties of the vapor–liquid equilibrium of anhydrous ammonia at various temperatures. The second column is vapor pressure in kPa. The third column is the density of the liquid phase. The fourth column is the density of the vapor. The fifth column is the heat of vaporization needed to convert one gram of liquid to vapor.
The isocyanic acid reacts with the water vapor and hydrolyses to carbon dioxide and ammonia: HNCO + H 2 O → CO 2 + NH 3. Overall, thus far: (NH 2) 2 CO + H 2 O → 2 NH 3 + CO 2. Ammonia, in the presence of oxygen and a catalyst, reduces two different nitrogen oxides: [14] 4 NO + 4 NH 3 + O 2 → 4 N 2 + 6 H 2 O ("standard SCR") and 6 NO 2 ...
Ammonia electrolysis may require much less thermodynamic energy than water electrolysis (only 0.06 V in alkaline media). [23] Another option for recovering ammonia from wastewater is to use the mechanics of the ammonia-water thermal absorption cycle. [24] [25] Ammonia can thus be recovered either as a liquid or as ammonium hydroxide. The ...
The Haber process, [1] also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It converts atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ) to ammonia (NH 3 ) by a reaction with hydrogen (H 2 ) using finely divided iron metal as a catalyst:
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However, water has a very high volumetric heat capacity, at 4.18 MJ⋅K −1 ⋅m −3, and ammonia is also fairly high: 3.3 MJ⋅K −1 ⋅m −3. For gases at room temperature, the range of volumetric heat capacities per atom (not per molecule) only varies between different gases by a small factor less than two, because every ideal gas has ...