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  2. Stop bath - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_bath

    Stop bath is an acidic solution used for processing black-and-white photographic films, plates, and paper. It is used to neutralize the alkaline developer, thus halting development. [1] Stop bath is commonly a 2% dilution of acetic acid in water, though a 2.5% solution of potassium or sodium metabisulfite works just as well. [1]

  3. Darkroom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darkroom

    It is a room that can be made completely dark to allow the processing of light-sensitive photographic materials, including film and photographic paper. Various equipment is used in the darkroom, including an enlarger, baths containing chemicals, and running water. Darkrooms have been used since the inception of photography in the early 19th ...

  4. List of photographic equipment makers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photographic...

    Lucky Film (China) Manufacture of B&W & Color films. Ceased photographic film production in 2012 (Color) 2018 (B&W). Efke (Yugoslavia/Croatia) Manufacture of B&W films (the old ADOX formulas) and IR film. Closed 2012. ERA (China) Manufacture of B&W film. 80% holding acquired by Kodak China in 1998. Closed 2008. [11] Faber (Germany) chemistry

  5. Photographic fixer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_fixer

    Photographic fixer is a mixture of chemicals used in the final step in the photographic processing of film or paper. The fixer stabilises the image, removing the unexposed silver halide remaining on the photographic film or photographic paper, leaving behind the reduced metallic silver that forms the image. By fixation, the film or paper is ...

  6. Photographic developer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_developer

    In Ektachrome-type (E-6 process) [7] transparencies, the film is first processed in an unusual developer containing phenidone and Hydroquinone-monosulfonate. This black and white developer is used for 6:00 at 100.4°F (38°C), with more time yielding "push" processing to increase the apparent film speed by reducing the Dmax, or maximum density ...

  7. Sabattier effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabattier_effect

    The effect was usually caused by accidentally exposing an exposed plate or film to light during developing. The artist Man Ray perfected the technique, which was accidentally discovered in the darkroom because of fellow artist Lee Miller accidentally exposing his film in the darkroom. It is evident from publications in the 19th century that ...

  8. List of photographic processes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photographic_processes

    Ap-41 process (pre-1978 Agfa color slides; 1978-1983 was a transition period when Agfa slowly changed their color slide films from AP-41 to E6) Anthotype; Autochrome Lumière, 1903; Carbon print, 1862; Chromogenic positive E-3 process; E-4 process; E-6 process; Chromogenic negative C-41 process; RA-4 process; Dufaycolor; Dye destruction ...

  9. C-41 process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-41_process

    C-41 is a chromogenic color print film developing process introduced by Kodak in 1972, [citation needed] superseding the C-22 process.C-41, also known as CN-16 by Fuji, CNK-4 by Konica, and AP-70 by AGFA, is the most popular film process in use, with most, if not all photofinishing labs devoting at least one machine to this development process.