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  2. Plate tectonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics

    Plate tectonics (from Latin tectonicus, from Ancient Greek τεκτονικός (tektonikós) 'pertaining to building') [1] is the scientific theory that Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago.

  3. Lithography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithography

    Modern printing plates have a brushed or roughened texture and are covered with a photosensitive emulsion. A photographic negative of the desired image is placed in contact with the emulsion and the plate is exposed to ultraviolet light. After development, the emulsion shows a reverse of the negative image, which is thus a duplicate of the ...

  4. Glossary of geography terms (A–M) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geography_terms...

    This glossary of geography terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in geography and related fields, including Earth science, oceanography, cartography, and human geography, as well as those describing spatial dimension, topographical features, natural resources, and the collection, analysis, and visualization of geographic ...

  5. Grattage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grattage

    grattage. Grattage (literally "scratching", "scraping") is a technique in surrealist painting which consists of "scratching" fresh paint with a sharp blade. [1] [2]In this technique, one typically attempts to scratch and remove the chromatic pigment spread on a prepared support (the canvas or other material) [3] in order to move the surface and make it dynamic. [4]

  6. Hetoimasia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetoimasia

    The empty throne with cushion, crux gemmata and cloth, flanked by Saints Peter and Paul. Arian Baptistery, Ravenna, early 6th century.. The Hetoimasia, Etimasia (Greek ἑτοιμασία, "preparation"), prepared throne, Preparation of the Throne, ready throne or Throne of the Second Coming is the Christian version of the symbolic subject of the empty throne found in the art of the ancient ...

  7. Heliography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliography

    The exposed and solvent-treated plate itself, as in the case of View from the Window at Le Gras, rediscovered by Gernsheim, [16] presents a negative or positive image dependent upon ambient reflection in the 20.3 × 16.5 centimetre pewter plate. By viewing the plate at an appropriate angle the viewer sees the shadow areas reflecting dark in ...

  8. Cartography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartography

    A medieval depiction of the Ecumene (1482, Johannes Schnitzer, engraver), constructed after the coordinates in Ptolemy's Geography and using his second map projection. The translation into Latin and dissemination of Geography in Europe, in the beginning of the 15th century, marked the rebirth of scientific cartography, after more than a millennium of stagnation.

  9. Geographical feature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical_feature

    In geography and particularly in geographic information science, a geographic feature or simply feature (also called an object or entity) is a representation of phenomenon that exists at a location in the space and scale of relevance to geography; that is, at or near the surface of Earth.