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Typical steam sterilization cycles are between 3 and 30 minutes at 121–134 °C (250–273 °F) at 100 kPa (15 psi), but adjustments may be made depending on the bioburden of the article being sterilized, its resistance to steam sterilization, the article's heat tolerance, and the required sterility assurance level. Following the completion of ...
Soil steam sterilization (soil steaming) is a farming technique that sterilizes soil with steam in open fields or greenhouses. Pests of plant cultures such as weeds, bacteria, fungi and viruses are killed through induced hot steam which causes vital cellular proteins to unfold. Biologically, the method is considered a partial disinfection.
Sterilization can also be achieved using ethylene oxide (ETO) gas. This process was created in the 1950s by the US military [4] and is used on items that cannot withstand the high temperatures of steam sterilization. ETO sterilization takes far longer than steam sterilization and is hazardous to workers, so alternative methods were created in ...
A vacuum pump sucks air or air/steam mixtures from the chamber. Superatmospheric cycles: Achieved with a vacuum pump. It starts with a vacuum followed by a steam pulse followed by a vacuum followed by a steam pulse. The number of pulses depends on the particular autoclave and cycle chosen. Subatmospheric cycles:
In 1953, APV pioneered a steam injection technology, involving direct injection of steam through a specially designed nozzle which raises the product temperature instantly, under brand name Uperiser; milk was packaged in sterile cans. In the 1960s, APV launched the first commercial steam infusion system under the Palarisator brand name. [7] [8]
The time is counted once the temperature that is needed has been reached. Steam sterilization requires four conditions in order to be efficient: adequate contact, sufficiently high temperature, correct time and sufficient moisture. [16] Sterilization using steam can also be done at a temperature of 132 C (270 F), at a double pressure. [citation ...
Bergmann was the first physician to introduce heat sterilization of surgical instruments, thus greatly reducing the number of infections in surgery. [3] He also used steam sterilized dressing material, demonstrating its superiority to chemical antisepsis. [2] He was also an early adopter of the "white coat". [4]
Sterilization may refer to: Sterilization (microbiology), killing or inactivation of micro-organisms; Soil steam sterilization, a farming technique that sterilizes soil with steam in open fields or greenhouses; Sterilization (medicine) renders a human unable to reproduce; Neutering is the surgical sterilization of animals