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2. Biological indicator evaluation resistometer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_indicator...

   A Biological Indicator Evaluation Resistometer (BIER) vessel is a piece of equipment used to determine the time taken to reduce survival of a given organism by 90% (also known as a log 1 reduction). The name derives from how the equipment is used. A BIER vessel evaluates the resistance of biological indicators to moist heat sterilization. [1]

3. List of instruments used in microbiological sterilization and ...

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_instruments_used...

   Koch's or Arnold's steam sterilizer: used for steam sterilization A pressure cooker: used as a portable autoclave Biological and chemical indicators: Used to ascertain if a certain process has been completed, e.g. spores used in an autoclave are killed if autoclaving is properly done Filters: •Candle filter:

4. Autoclave tape - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoclave_tape

   For steam sterilization to occur, the entire item must completely reach and maintain 121°C for 15–20 minutes with proper steam exposure to ensure sterilization. The color-changing indicator of tape is usually lead carbonate based, which decomposes to lead(II) oxide. To protect users from lead – and because this decomposition can occur at ...

5. Sterilization (microbiology) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterilization_(microbiology)

   Typical steam sterilization cycles are between 3 and 30 minutes at 121–134 °C (250–273 °F) at 100 kPa (15 psi), but adjustments may be made depending on the bioburden of the article being sterilized, its resistance to steam sterilization, the article's heat tolerance, and the required sterility assurance level. Following the completion of ...

6. List of ISO standards 10000–11999 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_standards_10000...

   ISO 11138-5:2017 Part 5: Biological indicators for low-temperature steam and formaldehyde sterilization processes ISO/TS 11139:2006 Sterilization of health care products - Vocabulary ISO 11145:2016 Optics and photonics - Lasers and laser-related equipment - Vocabulary and symbols

7. Infection prevention and control - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection_prevention_and...

   The time is counted once the temperature that is needed has been reached. Steam sterilization requires four conditions in order to be efficient: adequate contact, sufficiently high temperature, correct time and sufficient moisture. [16] Sterilization using steam can also be done at a temperature of 132 C (270 F), at a double pressure. [citation ...

8. Autoclave - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoclave

   Sterilization bags often have a "sterilization indicator mark" that typically darkens when the bag and its contents have been adequately processed. Comparing the marks on an unprocessed bag (L) and on a bag that has been properly cycled (R) will reveal an obvious visual difference.

9. Soil steam sterilization - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_steam_sterilization

   Soil steam sterilization (soil steaming) is a farming technique that sterilizes soil with steam in open fields or greenhouses. Pests of plant cultures such as weeds, bacteria, fungi and viruses are killed through induced hot steam which causes vital cellular proteins to unfold. Biologically, the method is considered a partial disinfection.