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The C programming language provides many standard library functions for file input and output.These functions make up the bulk of the C standard library header <stdio.h>. [1] The functionality descends from a "portable I/O package" written by Mike Lesk at Bell Labs in the early 1970s, [2] and officially became part of the Unix operating system in Version 7.
UTF-8 and Shift JIS are often used in C byte strings, while UTF-16 is often used in C wide strings when wchar_t is 16 bits. Truncating strings with variable-width characters using functions like strncpy can produce invalid sequences at the end of the string. This can be unsafe if the truncated parts are interpreted by code that assumes the ...
The formatting placeholders in scanf are more or less the same as that in printf, its reverse function.As in printf, the POSIX extension n$ is defined. [2]There are rarely constants (i.e., characters that are not formatting placeholders) in a format string, mainly because a program is usually not designed to read known data, although scanf does accept these if explicitly specified.
For example, in Python, to print the string Hello, World! followed by a newline, one only needs to write print ("Hello, World!" In contrast, the equivalent code in C++ [ 7 ] requires the import of the input/output (I/O) software library , the manual declaration of an entry point , and the explicit instruction that the output string should be ...
A program may also accept string input from its user. Further, strings may store data expressed as characters yet not intended for human reading. Example strings and their purposes: A message like "file upload complete" is a string that software shows to end users. In the program's source code, this message would likely appear as a string literal.
This is because string literals have array type, char [n] (C) or const char [n] (C++), which cannot be added; this is not a restriction in most other languages. This is particularly important when used in combination with the C preprocessor, to allow strings to be computed following preprocessing, particularly in macros. [13] As a simple example:
Since ANSI C was adopted by the International Organization for Standardization, [4] the C standard library is also called the ISO C library. [5] The C standard library provides macros, type definitions and functions for tasks such as string manipulation, mathematical computation, input/output processing, memory management, and input/output.
To demonstrate the value of the escape sequence feature, to output the text Foo on one line and Bar on the next line, the code must output a newline between the two words. The following code achieves the goal via text formatting and a hard-coded ASCII character value for newline (0x0A).