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  2. Opacity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opacity

    An opaque substance transmits no light, and therefore reflects, scatters, or absorbs all of it. Other categories of visual appearance, related to the perception of regular or diffuse reflection and transmission of light, have been organized under the concept of cesia in an order system with three variables, including opacity, transparency and ...

  3. Cesia (visual appearance) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesia_(visual_appearance)

    This is the same kind of phenomenon that Richard S. Hunter (1969) calls "geometric attributes of appearance". [1] The advantage is that the concept of cesia encompasses all the involved aspects in a single word, and that all cesias have been organized in a three-dimensional order system according to three axes of variation, similar to color order systems or color models.

  4. Mathematical descriptions of opacity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_descriptions...

    An electromagnetic wave propagating in the +z-direction is conventionally described by the equation: (,) = ⁡ [()], where E 0 is a vector in the x-y plane, with the units of an electric field (the vector is in general a complex vector, to allow for all possible polarizations and phases);

  5. Scattering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering

    Wine glass in LCD projectors light beam makes the beam scatter.. In physics, scattering is a wide range of physical processes where moving particles or radiation of some form, such as light or sound, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by localized non-uniformities (including particles and radiation) in the medium through which they pass.

  6. Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchhoff's_law_of_thermal...

    The opaque body is considered to have a material interior that absorbs all and scatters or transmits none of the radiation that reaches it through refraction at the interface. In this sense the material of the opaque body is black to radiation that reaches it, while the whole phenomenon, including the interior and the interface, does not show ...

  7. Color of chemicals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_of_chemicals

    gray and opaque Magnesium: colorless: Manganese: violet (hot and cold) colorless (hot and cold) Molybdenum: colorless: yellow or brown (hot) Nickel: brown, red (cold) gray and opaque (cold) Silicon: colorless (hot and cold), opaque: colorless, opaque Silver: colorless: gray and opaque Strontium: colorless: Tin: colorless (hot and cold), opaque ...

  8. Colloid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloid

    A colloid is a mixture in which one substance consisting of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. Some definitions specify that the particles must be dispersed in a liquid, [1] while others extend the definition to include substances like aerosols and gels.

  9. Photon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon

    A photon (from Ancient Greek φῶς, φωτός (phôs, phōtós) 'light') is an elementary particle that is a quantum of the electromagnetic field, including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force.