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The Land Act of 1820 (ch. 51, 3 Stat. 566), enacted April 24, 1820, is the United States federal law that ended the ability to purchase the United States' public domain lands on a credit or installment system over four years, as previously established. The new law became effective July 1, 1820 and required full payment at the time of purchase ...
The American System was an economic plan that played an important role in American policy during the first half of the 19th century, rooted in the "American School" ideas of Alexander Hamilton. [ 1 ] A plan to strengthen and unify the nation, the American System was advanced by the Whig Party and a number of leading politicians including Henry ...
The relief act also gave settlers a 37.5% discount off the original price of the land if they paid the whole amount in full. The act intended to lower the price of land purchased before 1820, to reduce an owner's existing debt to a level compatible with that of the new system, and to limit the number of forfeitures.
April 24 – The Land Act of 1820 reduces the price of land in the Northwest Territory and Missouri Territory encouraging Americans to settle in the west. July 20 – Thomas Bibb is sworn in as the second governor of Alabama, following the death of William W. Bibb.
The general effect was a decline in prices ... Advocates of the American System called ... increasing from $2.5 million in 1819 to $3.4 million by 1820 and further ...
By 1820, over 250,000 bales (of 500 pounds each) were exported to Europe, with a value of $22 million. By 1840, exports reached 1.5 million bales valued at $64 million, two thirds of all American exports. Cotton prices kept going up as the South remained the main supplier in the world. In 1860, the US shipped 3.5 million bales worth $192 million.
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Given the $0.15 per pound production cost, this would reduce per acre profits by over 90%. As a result, farmland values collapsed: by 1819, prices fell to around $0.20 per acre, [3] and by 1820, Alabama land buyers collectively owed the federal government $21 million, $12 million of which was owed by Alabama itself. [7]