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In the Hebrew Bible, Melchizedek (/mɛlˈkɪzədɛk/, Mel-key-za-deck) [a] was the king of Salem and priest of El Elyon (often translated as 'most high God'). He is first mentioned in Genesis 14:18–20, [3] where he brings out bread and wine and then blesses Abram, and El Elyon or "the Lord, God Most High".
The majority of Chazalic literature attributes the primary character of psalm 110 as King David [6] who was a "righteous king" (מלכי צדק) of Salem (Jerusalem) and, like Melchizedek, had certain priest-like responsibilities, while the Babylonian Talmud understands the chapter as referring to Abram who was victorious in battling to save his nephew Lot and merited priesthood. [7]
The Story of Melchizedek or History of Melchizedek (Latin: Historia de Melchisedech) is an anonymous apocryphal account of the life of Melchizedek originally written in Greek. [1] Melchizedek is a priest and king mentioned twice in the Hebrew Bible (Genesis 14:18–20 and Psalm 110:4) and once in the New Testament (Hebrews 7). [2]
Genesis 14:18: "And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine: and he was the priest of the most high God." [3] Psalm 76:1–2: "In Judah, God is known, his name is great in Israel. His abode has been established in Salem, his dwelling place in Zion. There he broke the flashing arrows, the shield, the sword, and the weapons of war ...
For example, "the Meeting of Abraham and Melchizedek", depicting the meeting between King Melchizedek and a victorious Abraham who is returning from defeating the King Chedorlaomer, features the personification of Fame and Honour. Other figures include fides (Faith), spes (Hope) and animi promptitude (Willingness of Spirit).
The name Melchizedek translates as "king of righteousness". He also had priestly duties. Based on biblical life spans in the Masoretic text, Shem would have still been alive during Abraham's lifetime. The identification of Shem as Melchizedek is found in the Talmud, Targumim and Midrashim. [11]
Hebrews 7 is the seventh chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.The author is anonymous, although the internal reference to "our brother Timothy" (Hebrews 13:23) causes a traditional attribution to Paul, but this attribution has been disputed since the second century and there is no decisive evidence for the authorship.
Spinoza read Genesis 14:18–20 to relate that Melchizedek was king of Jerusalem and priest of the Most High God, that in the exercise of his priestly functions (like those Numbers 6:23 describes) he blessed Abraham, and that Abraham gave to this priest of God a tithe of all his spoils. Spinoza deduced from this that before God founded the ...