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The persistent radical effect (PRE) in chemistry describes and explains the selective product formation found in certain free-radical cross-reactions. In these type of reactions, different radicals compete in secondary reactions. The so-called persistent (long-lived) radicals do not self-terminate and only react in cross-couplings.
In organic chemistry, a radical-substitution reaction is a substitution reaction involving free radicals as a reactive intermediate. [1] The reaction always involves at least two steps, and possibly a third. In the first step called initiation (2,3), a free radical is created by homolysis.
Organic chemistry has a strong tradition of naming a specific reaction to its inventor or inventors and a long list of so-called named reactions exists, conservatively estimated at 1000. A very old named reaction is the Claisen rearrangement (1912) and a recent named reaction is the Bingel reaction (1993).
A free-radical reaction is any chemical reaction involving free radicals. This reaction type is abundant in organic reactions . Two pioneering studies into free radical reactions have been the discovery of the triphenylmethyl radical by Moses Gomberg (1900) and the lead-mirror experiment [ 1 ] described by Friedrich Paneth in 1927.
2 Organic chemistry problems. ... This article or section possibly contains synthesis of material that does not ... predominantly undergo S N 1 or a radical ...
The term "captodative ethylenes" has been used in the context of cycloaddition reactions involving captodative radical intermediates – for example, the thermal [2+2] head-to-head dimerization of 2-methylthioacrylonitrile occurs readily at room temperature; formation of the equivalent cyclobutane derivative of acrylonitrile is "sluggish". [8]
In chemistry, a radical, also known as a free radical, is an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron. [1] [2] With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make radicals highly chemically reactive. Many radicals spontaneously dimerize. Most organic radicals have short lifetimes.
Conjugate addition of organocuprates is widely used in organic synthesis. Vinyl ether cuprates serve as convenient acyl anion equivalents in conjugate addition reactions to enones. The resulting enol ethers can be hydrolyzed to 1,4-diketones, which are difficult to access using conventional carbonyl chemistry. [21] (11)
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