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The scalar and vector part of this Hamilton product corresponds to the negative of dot product and cross product of the two vectors. In 1881, Josiah Willard Gibbs, [10] and independently Oliver Heaviside, introduced the notation for both the dot product and the cross product using a period (a ⋅ b) and an "×" (a × b), respectively, to denote ...
The dot product takes in two vectors and returns a scalar, while the cross product [a] returns a pseudovector. Both of these have various significant geometric interpretations and are widely used in mathematics, physics , and engineering .
The generalization of the dot product formula to Riemannian manifolds is a defining property of a Riemannian connection, which differentiates a vector field to give a vector-valued 1-form. Cross product rule
The complex dot product leads to the notions of Hermitian forms and general inner product spaces, which are widely used in mathematics and physics. The self dot product of a complex vector =, involving the conjugate transpose of a row vector, is also known as the norm squared, = ‖ ‖, after the Euclidean norm; it is a vector generalization ...
In mathematics and physics, the right-hand rule is a convention and a mnemonic, utilized to define the orientation of axes in three-dimensional space and to determine the direction of the cross product of two vectors, as well as to establish the direction of the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.
The following are important identities in vector algebra.Identities that only involve the magnitude of a vector ‖ ‖ and the dot product (scalar product) of two vectors A·B, apply to vectors in any dimension, while identities that use the cross product (vector product) A×B only apply in three dimensions, since the cross product is only defined there.
Using the modern terms cross product (×) and dot product (.), the quaternion product of two vectors p and q can be written pq = –p.q + p×q. In 1878, W. K. Clifford severed the two products to make the quaternion operation useful for students in his textbook Elements of Dynamic.
Vector algebra relations — regarding operations on individual vectors such as dot product, cross product, etc. Vector calculus identities — regarding operations on vector fields such as divergence, gradient, curl, etc.