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The next two translations to be completed—into Tibetan and then into Chinese for a second time—both chose to translate the term 'sanghāta' into their own languages, but did so in different ways. The second translator into Chinese rendered the title of the sutra in Chinese as The Sutra of the Great Gathering of the Holy Dharma.
Originally the robes were sewn together from rags and stained with earth or other available dyes. The color of modern robes varies from community to community: saffron is characteristic for Theravada groups; blue, grey or brown for Mahayana Sangha members in Vietnam, maroon in Tibetan Buddhism, grey in Korea, and black in Japan.
Regardless, since the Jatakastava written in its original language has been lost, [25]: 402 the Khotanese translation is the oldest surviving manuscript. The Sanghata Sutra was another text that was saved thanks to an early Khotanese translation that dates as early as the 5th century C.E.
The Tibetic languages form a well-defined group of languages descending from Old Tibetan (7th to 9th centuries, [2] or to the 11th/12th centuries). According to Nicolas Tournadre, there are 50 Tibetic languages, which branch into more than 200 dialects, which could be grouped into eight dialect continua. [2]
There are two dozen languages of Bhutan, all members of the Tibeto-Burman language family except for Nepali, which is an Indo-Aryan language, and the Bhutanese Sign Language. [1] Dzongkha , the national language, is the only native language of Bhutan with a literary tradition, though Lepcha and Nepali are literary languages in other countries ...
Sino-Tibetan (sometimes referred to as Trans-Himalayan) [1] [2] is a family of more than 400 languages, second only to Indo-European in number of native speakers. [3] Around 1.4 billion people speak a Sino-Tibetan language. [4]
Though the division of Sino-Tibetan into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman branches (e.g. Benedict, Matisoff) is widely used, some historical linguists criticize this classification, as the non-Sinitic Sino-Tibetan languages lack any shared innovations in phonology or morphology [2] to show that they comprise a clade of the phylogenetic tree. [3] [4] [5]
An incomplete list of machine translation software or applications that can translate Tibetan language from/to a variety of other languages. 藏译通 – Zangyitong, a mobile app for translating between Tibetan and Chinese. [43] 青海弥陀翻译 – A Beta-version WeChat Mini Program that translate between Tibetan language to/from Chinese ...