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The Hazen–Williams equation is an empirical relationship that relates the flow of water in a pipe with the physical properties of the pipe and the pressure drop caused by friction. It is used in the design of water pipe systems [ 1 ] such as fire sprinkler systems , [ 2 ] water supply networks , and irrigation systems.
Given a starting node, we work our way around the loop in a clockwise fashion, as illustrated by Loop 1. We add up the head losses according to the Darcy–Weisbach equation for each pipe if Q is in the same direction as our loop like Q1, and subtract the head loss if the flow is in the reverse direction, like Q4.
Most design standards require application of the Hazen-Williams method for determining frictional pressure losses through the piping network as water passes through it. Tree and Loop systems are simple enough that the hydraulic calculations could be performed by hand.
Before being able to use the minor head losses in an equation, the losses in the system due to friction must also be calculated. Equation for friction losses: = [5] [3] [1] = Frictional head loss = Downstream velocity
The head loss Δh (or h f) expresses the pressure loss due to friction in terms of the equivalent height of a column of the working fluid, so the pressure drop is =, where: Δh = The head loss due to pipe friction over the given length of pipe (SI units: m); [b]
Allen Hazen (August 28, 1869 – July 26, 1930) was an American civil engineer and an expert in hydraulics, flood control, water purification and sewage treatment.His career extended from 1888 to 1930, and he is, perhaps, best known for his contributions to hydraulics with the Hazen-Williams equation.
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the Hazen-Williams equation is probably only useful for a particular range of Reynolds numbers. — Miguel ( talk ) 13:44, 15 March 2008 (UTC) [ reply ] You may check the drop in pressure coefficient for an equation to find out if one is absolute pressure and others dynamic.