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  2. Paul W. Ewald - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_W._Ewald

    Ewald is known for his "theory of virulence”, suggesting that "the deadlier the germ, the less likely it is to spread", [1] and his theory that many common diseases of unknown origin are likely the result of chronic low-level infections from viruses, bacteria or protozoa.

  3. Optimal virulence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_virulence

    The evolution of virulence in pathogens is a balance between the costs and benefits of virulence to the pathogen. For example, studies of the malaria parasite using rodent [ 3 ] and chicken [ 4 ] models found that there was trade-off between transmission success and virulence as defined by host mortality.

  4. Evolution of Infectious Disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_Infectious...

    Evolution of Infectious Disease is a 1993 book by the evolutionary biologist Paul W. Ewald. In this book, Ewald contests the traditional view that parasites should evolve toward benign coexistence with their hosts. He draws on various studies that contradict this dogma and asserts his theory based on fundamental evolutionary principles.

  5. Virulence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virulence

    Virulence is a pathogen's or microorganism's ability to cause damage to a host. In most cases, especially in animal systems, virulence refers to the degree of damage caused by a microbe to its host. [1] The pathogenicity of an organism—its ability to cause disease—is determined by its virulence factors.

  6. Viral pathogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_pathogenesis

    A successful pathogen needs to spread to at least one other host, and lower virulence can result in higher transmission rates under some circumstances. Likewise, genetic resistance against the virus can develop in a host population over time. [2] [29] An example of the evolution of virulence in emerging virus is the case of myxomatosis in ...

  7. Host–parasite coevolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host–parasite_coevolution

    A higher virulence would increase the potential for the production of more offspring, but a higher spore load would affect the host's lifespan and therefore the transmission rate. This trade-off is supported by coevolutionary experiments, which revealed the decrease of virulence, a constant transmission potential and an increase in the host's ...

  8. Myxomatosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myxomatosis

    However, the evolution of the disease has proved to be increasingly complex and unpredictable, both among various strains of host, and among strains of the virus. Both in modes of resistance and of virulence, and in all countries in which the virus has been introduced for control of feral rabbits, the hosts and the pathogens have continually ...

  9. Viral evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_evolution

    Viral evolution is a subfield of evolutionary biology and virology that is specifically concerned with the evolution of viruses. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Viruses have short generation times, and many—in particular RNA viruses —have relatively high mutation rates (on the order of one point mutation or more per genome per round of replication).